In vitro anticancer drug sensitivity tests have been performed for various types of cancers, and a relationship with clinical response has been observed. The collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) is a new in vitro anticancer drug sensitivity test by Yabushita et al., recently reported to be useful in ovarian cancer. CD-DST allows analysis of a small number of cell...

-Growth curve measurements on the EMT6 tumour following treatment with cyclophosphamide indicate a growth delay of about 3 days for each 100 mg/kg of the drug. Tumours treated whilst still microscopic show a rather longer delay for the same dose. Data for the surviving fraction of cells in the tumours measured by in vitro plating at 2 h after cyclophosphamide are not compatible with the measure...

A new screening assay for anticancer agents was established using an in vivo nude mouse model. Assessment of the chemosensitivity of individual human tumors was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation by the treated tumors. Three hundred and thirty tumors derived from cancer patients were transplanted into nude mice s.c. and treated with anticancer agents. Mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, cycloph...

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a preclinical model widely used for vascular and anti-vascular effects of therapeutic agents in vivo. In this study, we examine the suitability of CAM as a predictive model for acute toxicology studies of drugs by comparing it to conventional mouse and rat models for 10 FDA-approved anticancer drugs (paclitaxel, carmustine, camptothecin, cyclop...

BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide (Cy), a widely used anticancer drug, is associated with significant testicular damage and sterility. Co-administration of the immunomodulating compound AS101 during chemotherapy treatments was previously shown to protect organs against cytotoxic damage, without attenuating the drug's anticancer effect. In this animal study, we investigated the effect of AS101 on test...

Dysregulation of apoptosis is associated with the development of human cancer and resistance to anticancer therapy. The ultimate goal of cancer treatment is to selectively induce cancer cell death and overcome drug resistance. A deeper understanding of how a given chemotherapy affects tumor cell death is needed to develop strategically designed anticancer agents. Here, we use a xenograft mouse ...

Combination chemotherapy is often used to treat cancer. Many studies have shown schedule-dependent effects between anticancer drugs. Our previous studies showed that K-562 cells pretreated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HPC), which is a preactivated analog of cyclophosphamide (CY), enhanced the cytotoxicity of etoposide (VP-16). The appearance of cellular ...

AIM The aim of this study was to isolate the bioactive compounds from the roots of Combretum adenogonium and assess for its antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was obtained using 20% aqueous ethanol and further subjected to fractionation with 1:1 n-butanol/water. Chromatographic analyses of the n-butanol fraction led to the isolation of compounds (1-3). T...

Four drugs, representing four different categories of cytotoxic agents, were studied for their effect on the immune response to Listeria infection in mice. The development of the host's immune response is revealed by a progressive change in the slope of the bacterial growth curve in spleen and liver. It has its onset at 24 hr in untreated mice, but in the presence of effective immunosuppression...

Procarbazine HCl is a 'nonclassical' oral alkylating anticancer agent that was first synthesized in the late 1950s. It has been used in the treatment of many cancers, but its main use is in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain tumors and, to a lesser extent, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma. Procarbazine is a prodrug that undergoes metabolic transforma...