The communication of information is fundamental to healthcare. In pre-history, knowledge and skills were passed from healer to apprentice by talking and example. Early cuneiform writing on clay tablets record some medical techniques and remedies. In more recent times, medical books have documented an accumulating human knowledge. Currently, journals, magazines, books, proceedings and pamphlets ...

Cognitive impairment, complex movement disorders, and high risk of falls are all interrelated , levodopa-unresponsive symptoms in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. Although Parkinson's disease is conventionally viewed as a motor syndrome that results from nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation, there is also an intricate interplay between multisystem degeneration and neurotransmitter ...

The status of the organization of the auditory corticofugal systems is summarized. These are among the largest pathways in the brain, with descending connections to auditory and non-auditory thalamic, midbrain, and medullary regions. Auditory corticofugal influence thus reaches sites immediately presynaptic to the cortex, sites remote from the cortex, as in periolivary regions that may have a c...

The various cuneiform texts dated back to Ur ш dynasty (2112_ 2004B.C) this period have varied greatly in the knowledge of many aspects Mesopotamia , and economic are one most important types circulation common as formed vast majority those texts, thing that indicates prosperity increasing activity it provided us with information about political conditions underwent at time which ultimately led...

In the early 20th century, the attention of Assyriologists and archaeologists was directed to a number of cuneiform tablets coming from a remote archaeological tell in Kültepe, Turkey. After the first series of excavations, archaeologists discovered a large collection of texts and the remains of a Bronze Age trade colony, referred to in the texts as kārum Kaneš. Once these initial ca. 5,000 tex...

Just over 5,000 years ago, the earliest cities flourished in Mesopotamia and western Iran. One explanation that has been considered is that making these areas with their seasonal alternations of flooding and drought amenable to agriculture required a complex infrastructure for water retention and irrigation. Thus, only a critical mass of workforce and a certain level of organisation could make ...