Symmetry modes provide an alternative method to describe crystal structures. Using the fact that many crystal structures can be described as a distorted version of a higher symmetric parent structure, the traditional atomic positions, occupancies or lattice parameters are no longer used. Instead, all structural features are described applying symmetry modes. This can be of particular interest i...

Many thin film heterojunction solar cells contain an interface between the emitter and base which is a very high recombination region and which effectively prevents the passage of minority carriers. However, by utilizing proper design techniques which will be discussed here, the problem can be minimized; efficient thin film heterojunction solar cells can be fabricated, even though they contain ...

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Laura Oikkonen Name of the doctoral dissertation Atomic-scale defects in solar cell material CuInSe2 from hybrid-functional calculations Publisher School of Science Unit Department of Applied Physics Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 143/2013 Field of research Theoretical and computational physi...

Herein, a new route of sulfur grading in CuInSe2 (CISe) thin-film solar absorbers by introducing an ultrathin (<50 nm) sacrificial sputtered CuInS2 (CIS) layer on top the CISe. Different CIS compositions (Cu-poor to Cu-rich) are analyzed, before and after high-temperature treatment selenium (Se)- or selenium+sulfur (SeS)-rich atmospheres. An [S]/([S] + [Se]) from surface into bulk Se- SeS-treat...