Optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have recently reached sensitivity levels required for magnetoencephalography (MEG). OPMs do not need cryogenics and can thus be placed within millimetres from the scalp into an array that adapts to the individual head size and shape, thereby reducing the distance from cortical sources to the sensors. Here, we quantified the improvement in recording MEG with...

Optical irradiation accompanied by spontaneous anti-Stokes emission can lead to cooling of matter, a phenomenon known as laser cooling or optical refrigeration proposed in 1929 by Peter Pringsheim. In solid state materials, the cooling is achieved by annihilation of lattice vibrations (i.e., phonons). Since the first experimental demonstration in rare-earth doped glasses, considerable progress ...

The remit of the Natural History Museum, London, encompasses whole natural world and places it at forefront global concerns about human impact on biosphere. Museum’s stature as a leading institution for storing recording living diversity brings responsibilities, obligations new prospects. In addition to revealing genetic evolution life in considerable detail, advances molecular biology cryogeni...

We present the pre-concept design of European DEMO Magnet System, which has successfully passed plant-level gate review in 2020. The main input parameters originate from so-called 2018 baseline, was produced using PROCESS systems code. It defines a major and minor radius 9.1 m 2.9 m, respectively, an on-axis magnetic field 5.3 T resulting peak on toroidal (TF) conductor 12.0 T. Four variants, a...

We have designed, fabricated, and operated an electrometer with a noise-equivalent resolution of 535 electrons rms (86 aC). The electrometer incorporates a silicon resonator that acts as a variable capacitor and is fabricated using a new self-assembly process that demonstrates for the first time the integration of lownoise, low-leakage JFETs with SOI structures. The resolution of the measuremen...

This paper discusses a number of recent findings in connection with ion-exchange polymer-noble metal composites (IPMC) as biomimetic sensors and actuators. These smart composites exhibit characteristics of both actuators and sensors. Strips of these composites can undergo large bending and flapping displacement if an electric field is imposed across their thickness. Thus, in this sense they are...

Acknowledgement This manuscript is an outcome of my research within the group of " Nanostructures and Semiconductor " at Institute for Nanoscience and Cryogenics at CEA-Grenoble, France. For three years I had a chance to meet and to work with researchers who have a passion to science, hence it is a pleasure for me to express my most profound appreciation to all of them. First of all I would lik...

Please cite this article in press as: Zhai Y. Electr current transfer. Cryogenics (2009), doi:10.1016 Performance degradation of Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) is a critical issue in large-scale magnet design such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and the seriesconnected hybrid (SCH) magnets currently under development at the National High Magnetic Field ...

Recently, biomass-derived energy has been receiving more and more attention due to the depletion of conventional fossil sources at a faster rate, as well as major environmental issues.1 Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats provides an alternative fuel option for the future.2 Transesterification of oils and animal fats produce glycerol in large excess (10 k...

Since 2001 a superconducting cyclotron for proton therapy has been designed in collaboration with the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at ACCEL Instruments GmbH [1]. The design is based on a NSCL proposal originating from 1993 [2]. In the recent years two cyclotrons of this type were built, tested as far as magnetic and cryogenic properties are concerned and installed at the...