A new novel test method, associated analysis, and experimental procedures are developed to investigate the toughness of the facesheet-to-core interface of a sandwich material at cryogenic temperatures. The test method is designed to simulate the failure mode associated with facesheet debonding from high levels of gas pressure in the sandwich core. The effects of specimen orientation are conside...

There are several applications and fundamental research areas which require the detection of VUV light at cryogenic temperatures. For these applications we have developed and successfully tested special designs of gaseous detectors with solid photocathodes able to operate at low temperatures: sealed gaseous detectors with MgF2 windows and windowless detectors. We have experimentally demonstrate...

Small para-H2 clusters (pH2)N with N=2,...,8 have been identified by Raman spectroscopy in cryogenic free jets of the pure gas, near the Q(0) Raman line of the H2 monomer. The high resolution in space, time, and number size makes it possible to follow their growth kinetics with distance from the orifice. At lower source temperatures liquid clusters appear early in the expansion and then undergo...

The simplest method of freezing is topical application on lesions which one wishes to destroy of a cottonwool swab saturated by immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). This cryogenic agent, having a temperature of -196°C, is very effective in elimination of a large variety of very common benign and premalignant skin lesions (verrucas, molluscum contagiosum, seborrheic and actinic keratoses...). Unfo...

We present a new type of cryogenic local velocity probe that operates in liquid helium (1 K < T < 4.2 K) and achieves a spatial resolution of ≈ 0.1 mm. The operating principle is based on the deflection of a micro-machined silicon cantilever which reflects the local fluid velocity. Deflection is probed using a superconducting niobium micro-resonator sputtered on the sensor and used as a strain ...

A cryogenic pilot distillation column operating at total reflux is described. It was used to measure the pressure drop and flooding of various structured packings, first using pure nitrogen and then using an oxygen-argon mixture. By varying the pressure, the nitrogen system was used to characterize the capacity of each packing via Wallis plots. The oxygen-argon flooding data can be accurately p...

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization solid-state NMR holds the potential to enable a dramatic increase in sensitivity by exploiting the large magnetic moment of the electron. However, applications to biological solids are hampered in uniformly isotopically enriched biomacromolecules due to line broadening which yields a limited spectral resolution at cryogenic temperatures. We show here that high magne...

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is well established machining technique mainly used to machine complex geometries on difficult-to-machine materials and high strength temperature resistant alloys. In the present research, the objective is to study the shape of the electrode and establish the application of liquid nitrogen in reducing distortion of the electrode during electrical discharge m...

Low-index surfaces of copper single crystals were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). The experiments were performed under ultra-high vacuum conditions at roomand close to liquid heliumtemperatures. At lower temperatures thermal drifts are largely reduced, a better STM mechanical stability is achieved and improved spectroscopy measurements, with the energy res...

Significant heat transfer issues associated with four alternative hydrogen storage methods are identified and discussed, with particular emphasis on technologies for vehicle applications. For compressed hydrogen storage, efficient heat transfer during compression and intercooling decreases compression work. In addition, enhanced heat transfer inside the tank during the fueling process can minim...