The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cut and irrigation water quality on chemical composition and in situ dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability of alfalfa. Three fistulated Zel sheep (approximately 2 years old) were used in a complete randomized design to evaluate the in situ rumen degradability. Ruminal in...

The turnip crinkle virus-based vector TCV-GFP Delta CP had been devised previously to study cell-to-cell and long-distance spread of virus-induced RNA silencing. TCV-GFP Delta CP, which had been constructed by replacing the coat protein (CP) gene with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) coding sequence, was able to induce RNA silencing in single epidermal cells, from which RNA silencing spread fr...

Expression of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) in plants confers resistance to infection by TMV and related tobamoviruses. Certain mutants of the CP (CP(T42W)) provide much greater levels of resistance than wild-type (wt) CP. In the present work, infection induced by RNA transcripts of TMV clones that contain wt CP or mutant CP(T42W) fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) (TMV...

Circular permutation (CP) refers to situations in which the termini of a protein are relocated to other positions in the structure. CP occurs naturally and has been artificially created to study protein function, stability and folding. Recently CP is increasingly applied to engineer enzyme structure and function, and to create bifunctional fusion proteins unachievable by tandem fusion. CP is a ...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of stocking density on growing-meat quail performance (experiment I) and the effect of dietary crude protein (CP) levels and stocking density on growth performance, nutrient retention, blood metabolites, and carcass weight of growing-meat quails under high ambient temperature (experiment II). Three hundred and eighty male growing-meat quails...

Few data on apparent pre-caecal digestibility (APCD) of crude protein (CP) and particularly amino acids (AA) are available from studies with horses. Protein bound in cell walls (i.e. neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP)) is unlikely to be decomposed by digestive enzymes in the small intestine. In contrast the corresponding analytical fraction of neutral detergent soluble CP (NDSCP) (NDSCP = C...

Few data on apparent pre-caecal digestibility (APCD) of crude protein (CP) and particularly amino acids (AA) are available from studies with horses. Protein bound in cell walls (i.e. neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP)) is unlikely to be decomposed by digestive enzymes in the small intestine. In contrast the corresponding analytical fraction of neutral detergent soluble CP (NDSCP) (NDSCP = C...

Dairy cows utilize feed crude protein (CP; N x 6.25) with much greater efficiency than other ruminant livestock but still excrete about 2-3 times more N in manure than in milk. This contributes to increased costs of milk production and to environmental N pollution. The function of dietary CP is to supply the cow with metabolizable protein (MP) as absorbed amino acids (AA) but any extra dietary ...