Amblyopia is a developmental visual disorder of cortical origin, characterized by crowding and poor acuity in central vision of the affected eye. Crowding refers to the adverse effects of surrounding items on object identification, common only in normal peripheral but not central vision. We trained a group of adult human amblyopes on a crowded letter identification task to assess whether the cr...

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect government consumption and investment expenditures on private sector in Turkish economy. In study, Cointegration Vector Autoregressive Model based 1980-2018 data has been used. results cointegration vector obtained from Johansen Test show that during period under review, are complementary incentive competitive with expenditures. Based res...

This study examined the effect of public investment on private and their relative effects Ethiopia economic growth. The employed ARDL bounds testing approach. empirical results revealed that has a crowding-in in long run which means, stimulates run. However, crowding out investment. In other word, no direct impact growth significant positive while it is negatively related to short suggests posi...

In the periphery, crowding obscures the internal letters of words, yet peripheral reading is no faster when letters are spaced far enough apart to escape crowding. To resolve this paradox, we measured reading rate as a function of eccentricity and letter spacing for ordered and unordered words using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP). When words are in sentence order, reading rate is indep...

Prolonged exposure to a visual stimulus, such as a happy face, biases the perception of subsequently presented neutral face toward sad perception, the known face adaptation. Face adaptation is affected by visibility or awareness of the adapting face. However, whether it is affected by discriminability of the adapting face is largely unknown. In the current study, we used crowding to manipulate ...