negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching a joint agreement about differing needs or ideas. for successful negotiations, both parties should come to the negotiating table with having done some serious thinking about the barriers to and complexities of cross- cultural communications. there are four phases in negotiations: relationship building, inform...

results intraclass correlation coefficient for left and right showed good to high reliability for the cross sectional area of lumbar multifidi (0.74 and 0.88, respectively) as well as the anterior-posterior dimensions of lumbar multifidi (0.89 and 0.91, respectively) and transverse abdomini thickness (0.73 and 0.85, respectively). conclusions rehabilitative ultrasonography is a reliable and non...

STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. OBJECTIVES To assess the associations between adolescent back pain and fitness, motor competence, and body composition. BACKGROUND Although deficits in physical fitness and motor control have been shown to relate to adult back pain, the evidence in adolescents is less clear. METHODS AND MEASURES In this cross-sectional study, 1608 "Raine" cohort adoles...

Every branch of surgery has its problem, and surely none has a more perplexing one than the low back pain of orthopadics. At one time this problem, with which we were confronted daily, seemed a hopeless one; but gradually, with increased knowledge and after an immense amount of carefully directed research, order and hope have evolved from chaos, and a more exact diagnosis has been made possible...

background: chronic non-specific low back pain is a common disorder that often has no clear mechanism. exercise therapy is an effective and safe method for treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders such as back pain. pilate’s and williams’ exercises are two types of distinct exercises used for the treatment of back pain, but there is no evidence for the advantage of these two exercises in ...