The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

Molecular interactions of optical clearing agents were investigated using a combination of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and optical spectroscopy. For a series of sugar alcohols with low to high optical clearing potential, Raman spectroscopy and integrating sphere measurements were used to quantitatively characterize tissue water loss and reduction in light scattering following agent expo...

Generally, chemical tissue clearing is performed by a solution consisting of two parts benzyl benzoate and one part benzyl alcohol. However, prolonged exposure to this mixture markedly reduces the fluorescence of GFP expressing specimens, so that one has to compromise between clearing quality and fluorescence preservation. This can be a severe drawback when working with specimens exhibiting low...

Contact: [email protected] Fax: +81-78-306-3090 RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology Improved tissue clearing solution for super-resolution imaging April 7, 2016–As biologists seek to gain further insights on subcellular structures deeply embedded in various tissues, high resolution fluorescence microscopy using various fluorescent markers has emerged as a powerful tool to ‘see’ inside...

Sample preparation for confocal microscopy typically involves fixing and staining, followed by clearing and mounting. Clearing involves treatment with solvent to dissolve lipids and other structures that cause light scattering and reduce the ability to image through thick specimens. Mounting involves transfer of the specimen into a medium which matches the refractive index the objective is desi...

Power systems become large and complex, so the occurrence rates of a great deal of energy loss caused by faults become high. In this situation, the development of the efficient search system for high risk events of power systems is strongly required. Risk is defined as the product of energy loss and its occurrence rate, considering that the goal of power systems is the stable supply of power. T...

Transient stability of a power system is concerned with the system’s ability to remain in synchronism after the disturbance is cleared. Occurrence of a fault in a power system causes transients. The disturbances subjected to the system may be occurrence of fault, sudden change in load etc. This paper describes the improvement of transient stability with phase shift insertion by phase shifting t...

Clearance of anogenital and oropharyngeal HPV infections is attributed primarily to a successful adaptive immune response. To date, little attention has been paid to the potential role of stochastic cell dynamics in the time it takes to clear an HPV infection. In this study, we combine mechanistic mathematical models at the cellular level with epidemiological data at the population level to dis...