BACKGROUND The etiology of rotator cuff disease is age related, as documented by prevalence data. Despite conflicting results, growing evidence suggests that distinct scapular morphologies may accelerate the underlying degenerative process. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the predictive power of 5 commonly used radiologic parameters of scapular morphology to discriminate betwee...

We observe critical coupling to surface phonon-polaritons in silicon carbide by attenuated total reflection of mid-IR radiation. Reflectance measurements demonstrate critical coupling by a double scan of wavelength and incidence angle. Critical coupling occurs when prism coupling loss is equal to losses in silicon carbide and the substrate, resulting in maximal electric field enhancement.

This study examined three visual strategies for timing the initiation of the landing flare based on perceptions of either: (a) a critical height above ground level; (b) a critical runway width angle (Psi); or (c) a critical time-to-contact (TTC) with the runway. Visual displays simulated landing approaches with trial-to-trial variations in glideslope, lighting, and scene detail. Twenty-four par...

The behavior of cleavage crack fronts at grain boundaries in free-standing silicon thin films is investigated through a microtensile experiment. In addition to the crystallographic orientation, the orientation of grain boundary plane also plays a critical role. With respect to the initial crack surface, if the inclination angle is relatively small, the crack tends to penetrate across the bounda...

We have carried out small angle x-ray scattering experiments of expanded fluid Hg in the metal-nonmetal (M-NM) transition region around 9.0 g cm(-3). Increase of small angle scattering intensity following the Ornstein-Zernike equation is clearly observed in the M-NM transition region as well as near the liquid-vapor critical point at 5.8 g cm(-3). The short-range correlation length, R, becomes ...

A number of problems have been reported with the use of standard length tracheostomy tubes in adult critical care patients. We measured the depth from the skin surface to the tracheal wall and the angle of the tracheal stoma during percutaneous tracheostomy. In vitro measurements were also performed on standard tracheostomy tubes. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro dimensions demonstrated that ...

A new acoustic phenomenon has recently been observed in experiments where a bounded beam of ultrasound is incident upon a smooth liquid-solid interface. A significant amount of coherent radiation is found to be backscattered in the general direction of incidence. The angle of back reflection is observed to be equal to the Critical Rayleigh angle or leaky wave angle. Most of these observations w...

We establish a relationship among the normal surface theory, Thurston’s algebraic gluing equation for hyperbolic metrics and volume optimization of generalized angle structures on triangulated 3-manifolds. The main result shows that a critical point of the volume on generalized angle structures either produces a solution to Thurston’s gluing equation or a branched normal surfaces with at most t...

Research into lithium as a plasma facing component material has illustrated its ability to engender low recycling operation at the plasma edge leading to higher energy confinement times. Introducing lithium into a practical fusion device would almost certainly require the lithium to be flowing to maintain a clean lithium surface for gettering. Several conceptual designs have been proposed, like...