The effects of CO2 and tropospheric O3 on forest trees are increasingly the subject of experimental evaluation. Little is known, however, about he effects of these gases on understory plant taxa. At the Aspen free-air CO2 and O3 enrichment (Aspen FACE) site we assessed colonization and stablishment of two common forest understory species, red (Trifolium pratense) and white (Trifolium repens) cl...

OBJECTIVE To critically evaluate the effect of red clover on hot flash, endometrial thickness, and hormones status in postmenopausal and peri- and post-menopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE (1966 to July 2014), Scopus (1990 to July 2014), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library issue 1, 2014) were searched for published randomized controlled Tria...

Introduced species pose a major threat to biodiversity across the globe. Understanding the impact of introduced species is critical for effective management. Many species around the world are reliant on tree cavities, and competition for these resources can be intense: threatening the survival of native species. Through the establishment of 225 nest boxes, we examined the relationship between t...

The field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy (Lithuania) in 2017–2019. aim study to determine and compare weed spread caraway crop productivity sole (spring barley, spring wheat, pea, caraway), binary barley-caraway, wheat-caraway, pea-caraway) trinary barley-caraway-white clover, wheat-caraway-white pea-caraway-white clover)...

A new species of Oligosita Walker (Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae), O. balcluthae Viggiani et Laudonia n. sp., is described as a parasitoid of the eggs of Balclutha brevis Lindberg (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) associated with crimson fountain grass, Pennisetum setaceum (Poaceae) in Italy. Morphological features and biology of the new species are discussed and illustrated. The 28S-D2 and ITS2 regi...

question to the fi tting of statistical distribution models to P-O datasets (i.e. model calibration; Chefaoui and Lobo 2008, Vanderwal et al. 2009, Barbet-Massin et al. 2012). A fundamental assumption in SDM calibration is the unbiased sampling of available conditions in the environmental space (Araú jo and Guisan 2006, Pearce and Boyce 2006). However, sampling bias is a widespread issue since ...

Many forages experience significant proteolytic losses when preserved by ensiling. Such losses in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are especially high, with degradation of 44 to 87% of the forage protein to nonprotein N (NPN). In contrast, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) has up to 90% less proteolysis during ensiling. Here we demonstrate that the combination of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and o-dip...

The improved Wilson quark action – the clover action – is constructed to have smaller discretization errors than the normal Wilson quark action. We test this in a quenched spectroscopy computation on 6 lattice ensembles with spacings from 0.15 to 0.43 fm. To ensure that the dominant scaling violations come from the fermions we use an O(a) improved 6-link SU(3) pure gauge action. We find evidenc...

We have identified two Rhizobium meliloti genes (nodD2 and nodD3) that are highly homologous and closely linked to the regulatory gene nodD (nodD1). R. meliloti strains containing mutations in the three nodD genes in all possible combinations were constructed and their nodulation phenotypes were assayed on Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Melilotus alba (sweet clover). A triple nodD1-nodD2-nodD3 m...