Visual detection of a line target differing in orientation from a background of lines may be achieved speedily and effortlessly. Such performance is assumed to occur early in vision and to involve filter mechanisms acting in parallel over the visual field. This study establishes orientational limits on this performance and analytically derives some generic properties of the underlying filters. ...

The Pirate Bay. Three simple words. Such strong reactions. Proponents point to a vibrant forum for distributing files. Critics lament massive pirating of copyrighted works. The Swedish district court recently found The Pirate Bay (TPB) guilty of making copyrighted works available. This article explores the consequences of this decision. It first explains the technology underlying TPB and provid...

horse shoe shaped lipoma of the upper extremity is a very rare entity. we present a case of 45 years old female who presented with painless progressive swelling over the distal forearm and tingling and numbness over the ulnar nerve territory. mri and surgical exploration showed a horse shoe shaped multilobulated lipoma encasing the distal ulna. the mass was excised in toto, and the sensory alte...

Several flatfish species, including southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) recruit to estuaries during early life. Therefore, evaluation of estuarine sites and habitats that serve as nurseries is critical to conservation and management. The present study used density data in conjunction with biochemical condition and growth measurements to evaluate settlement sites used by southern flound...

A new species of the genus Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 is described from Lake Tong Tso, an extreme high-altitude lake in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. pontual sp. nov. considered part lacustris G.O. Sars, 1863 group, which characterized by having inner ramus uropod 3 longer than half length outer ramus, and both rami covered with plumose setae. The stands apart their congeners, mainly, following combin...

A large-scale study of Saginaw Bay was initiated in 1990 and continued through 1993 to examine the effects of the zebra mussel colonization which began in summerlfall 1991. Saginaw Bay responded quickly to the zebra mussel colonization, as fall 1991 values of chlorophyll were similar to 1992 and 1993 values. In inner Saginaw Bay, where most zebra mussels were found, chlorophyll, kPAR, and total...

Spatial changes in the dietary regime of Ruditapes philippinarum from intertidal sediments of Arcachon Bay were depicted by analyzing stable isotope ratios in both its adductor muscles and potential trophic sources. Manila clams were collected from 50 sites in May to June 2006. Dietary reconstruction was based on the IsoSource mixing model, considering trophic enrichments of 3.5‰ for carbon and...

To test the hypothesis that Na+ transport in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells is regulated by a protease-mediated mechanism, we investigated the effects of BAY 39-9437, a recombinant Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor, on amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current of normal [non-cystic fibrosis (CF) cells] and CF HBE cells. Mucosal treatment of non-CF and CF HBE cells with BAY 39-9437 d...

Questions have been raised about the effects human activity in Hawai‘ian bays has on dolphins. Concerns about the effects of this activity have led the National Marine Fisheries Service to begin the process of enacting regulations to reduce the impacts of swimmers and vessels on Hawaiian spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris). One step in evaluating potential effects is to determine if dolphi...

Port Phillip Bay, Australia, is a large semi-closed bay with over four million people living in its catchment basin. The Bay receives waters from the Yarra River which drains the city of Melbourne, as well as receiving the discharges of sewage treatment plants and petrochemical and agricultural chemicals. A 1999 study demonstrated that fish inhabiting Port Phillip Bay showed signs of effects re...