Does entrepreneurial optimism affect the credit availability to small firms and their cost of financing? Using a large sample of U.S. small businesses and a new measure of optimism, we find that higher levels of optimism result in significantly higher leverage. In addition, we find that firms with optimistic entrepreneurs tend to use more short-term debt. We do not find evidence that banks curt...

Financial innovations are a common explanation for the rise in credit card debt and bankruptcies. To evaluate this story, we develop a simple model that incorporates two key frictions: asymmetric information about borrowers’ risk of default and a fixed cost of developing each contract lenders offer. Innovations that ameliorate asymmetric information or reduce this fixed cost have large extensiv...

nowadays, credit risk is recognized as one of the most important bankruptcy factors of banks and financial institutions. in order to manage and control this risk, design of credit rating models is undeniable necessity. credit rating is used to identify the probability of credit default and on the other side classify the customers into two groups: good and bad accounts. until now, various statis...

The Federal Reserve’s new primary credit facility offers guilt-free overnight loans to commercial banks at a rate of 100 basis points over the target federal funds rate. If utilized freely by the market, the facility places an upper bound on the rates at which financial institutions lend to one another overnight, reducing the volatility of the daily effective federal funds rate. Conceivably, ho...

The contrasting consumption behaviour of UK, US and Japanese households is examined in this paper through the lens of modernised Ando-Modgliani style consumption functions. Income growth expectations are treated systematically and income uncertainty and credit channel features are incorporated. These models therefore capture important parts of the financial accelerator. The evidence is that, si...

This cross-sectional study, carried out in Inquisivi, Bolivia, a rural area where Save the Children/US works, tests the hypothesis that participation in multisectoral development programmes results in improved health behaviours and better health outcomes. To test this hypothesis, four groups of households were compared: those participating in Save the Children's health-only programmes; those wi...

potential growth of dairy sector is highest and more reliable compared to crop sector, indicating that dairy sector can play vital role to increase income among farmers in rural areas than crop sector in sri lanka. credit and farmer training in management ability have been major concerns of dairy development efforts. therefore, this study wasconductedto assess the impact of credit and farmer tr...

In the last decade, there was a rapid growth in the availability and use of credit for Brazilian companies. Until recently, the decision to grant credit was based on human trial to evaluate the risk of insolvency. Increased demand from companies for credit has led to the use of more accurate models for bankruptcy prediction. In recent years much progress has occurred in the process of drawing u...