Credit allocation through the usage of Portfolio optimization mainly seeks tomaximize return and minimize the risk of the portfolio; but there are other importantissues including sustainable development which is important for government/publicsectors. This paper presents a novel credit allocation approach based on portfoliooptimization and investigates the effects of selected indicators of sust...

7 Credit-spreads-based HJM Type Model 21 7.1 Single Credit Rating Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.2 Alternative Specifications of Recovery Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 7.3 Multiple Credit Ratings Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7.4 Market Prices of Interest Rate and Credit Risk . . . . . . ...

U.S. commercial banks are increasingly using credit scoring models to underwrite small business credits. This paper discusses this technology, evaluates the research findings on the effects of this technology on small business credit availability, and links these findings to a number of research and public policy issues. JEL classification: G21, G28, G34, L23

A firm partially financed by debt is considered. The firm is subject to two types of shocks: macro-shocks modeled as a finite state Markov chain, and idiosyncratic shocks. The dynamics of the latter may depend on the state of the macroeconomy; the state of the economy is determined not only by fundamentals but the market sentiment as well. The lenders are competitive and debt is rolled over unt...

In U.S. data 1981–2012, unsecured firm credit moves procyclically and tends to lead GDP, while secured firm credit is acyclical; similarly, shocks to unsecured firm credit explain a far larger fraction of output fluctuations than shocks to secured credit. In this paper we develop a tractable dynamic general equilibrium model in which unsecured firm credit arises from self-enforcing borrowing co...

Credit granting businesses face a challenging environment due to the wide variety of customer behaviors. While only some customers use their credit and pay regularly, a larger percentage may hardly use their available credit. As a key risk management issue, small percentages of customers become delinquent in their payments, and others become bankrupt, requiring write-off. As a business decides ...

Credit derivatives are the latest in a series of innovations that have had a significant impact on credit markets. Using a micro data set of individual corporate loans, this paper explores whether use of credit derivatives is associated with an increase in bank credit supply. We find evidence that greater use of credit derivatives is associated with greater supply of bank credit for large term ...

The turmoil in the capital markets in 1997 and 1998 has highlighted the need for systematic stress testing of banks’ portfolios, including both their trading and lending books. We propose that underlying macroeconomic volatility is a key part of a useful conceptual framework for stress testing credit portfolios, and that credit migration matrices provide the specific linkages between underlying...

This paper introduces a new credit card payment scheme called No Number Credit Card that can significantly reduce the possibility of credit card fraud. The proposed payment system is loosely based on Kerberos, a cryptographic framework that has stood the test of time. In No Number Credit Card, instead of card numbers, only payment tokens are exchanged between the customers and merchants. The to...

The enlargement of the general-equilibrium structure to allow for default subject to appropriate credit limits and default penalties results in a construction of a simple mechanism for a credit using society. We show that there generically exists a price-normalizing bundle that determines a credit money along with appropriate credit limits and default penalties for the credit mechanism to selec...