Many individuals with substance use disorders are resistant to entering formal treatment, despite the negative consequences that plague their own lives and the lives of concerned significant others (CSOs). Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) has been developed as an effective strategy for helping family members who are concerned about the alcohol/drug use of a loved one who refu...

In the present work, suitably functionalized arylsydnones were used to synthesize a variety of 4-acyl-sydnones and diacyl sydnones, both as potential precursors to novel sydnoquinolines. The approach to the diacyl species is based on the discovery that activated sydnones brominate in both the 4 position of the sydnone ring and on the phenyl ring. Thus, it seemed likely that Friedel-Crafts react...

12 The selective acylation of multifunctional compounds exhibiting both alcohol and amino 13 groups gives interesting products with many applications in food, cosmetic and 14 pharmaceutical industries, but it is real challenge. The current work describes the different 15 behavior shown by Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435) when catalyzing the O-16 acylation and N-acylation of bifunctiona...

The N-acylation of ethanolamine (2) with various fatty acids 1a-d and esters of fatty acids 1e-h using Candida antarctica B lipase (Novozym((R)) 435) are described and optimum conditions for selective N-acylation rather than O-acylation are also discussed. Microwave assisted solution phase, solid supported and conventional methods were investigated and results were compared. There is a synergy ...

A variety of cysteine-containing, lipid-modified peptides are found to be S-acylated by cultured mammalian cells. The acylation reaction is highly specific for cysteinyl over serinyl residues and for lipid-modified peptides over hydrophilic peptides. The S-acylation process appears by various criteria to be enzymatic and resembles the S-acylation of plasma membrane-associated proteins in variou...

The functionalisation of decalin by means of an "aliphatic Friedel-Crafts" reaction was reported over fifty years ago by Baddeley et al. This protocol is of current relevance in the context of C-H activation and here we demonstrate its applicability to a range of other saturated hydrocarbons. Structural elucidation of the products is described and a mechanistic rationale for their formation is ...

Recently, digital archives for cultural heritage or arts and crafts has received attention from possibility that people can appreciate or experience the archaeological objects, the past space or arts and crafts through the computer at any time and without going to the museum or the spot. In particular, 3D reconstruction and visualization of the lost objects or past word using antique maps or pi...

S-acylation is a reversible lipid modification occurring on cysteine residues mediated by a family of membrane-bound 'zDHHC' enzymes. S-acylation predominantly results in anchoring of soluble proteins to membrane compartments or in the trafficking of membrane proteins to different compartments. Recent work has shown that although S-acylation of some proteins may involve very weak interactions w...

Several members of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases have a N-terminal dual acylation motif which specifies their myristoylation and S-acylation. These lipid modifications are necessary for correct intracellular localisation to the plasma membrane and to detergent-resistant glycolipid-enriched membrane domains (GEMs). Using chimaeras of the Lck dual acylation motif with two normally cy...

Protein palmitoylation or, more specifically, S-acylation is a reversible post-translational lipid modification. Despite the identification of several proteins that are altered in this way, our understanding of the enzymology of this process has been hampered by the lack of well-characterized acyltransferases. We now know of three proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that promote palmitoylation...