A procedure is described for linking nucleosides covalently to controlled pore glass or cross-linked polystyrene supports by means of an oxalyl anchor. Though stable to triethylamine and diisopropylamine, the nucleoside-oxalyl link can be cleaved within a few minutes at room temperature with ammonium hydroxide in methanol. This new anchor can be used in automated synthesis of conventional oligo...

The innate immune system employs Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for the detection of invading microorganisms based on distinct molecular patterns. For example, TLR9 is activated by microbial DNA and also by short therapeutic CpG-containing oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN). TLR9 activation leads to the production of interferons and the priming of humoral adaptive immune responses. Unfortunately, the princ...

asthma is a disorder of increasing severity and prevalence. recent knowledge about the pathogenesis of asthma emphasizes its inflammatory nature. cpg oligonucleotides are a class of compounds containing motifs based on the cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (cpg-odns). these motifs are suppressed in mammalian dna. they induce inflammation in mammals characterized by the induction of t helper type 1...

Percutaneous cryoablation is a minimally invasive procedure for tumor destruction, which can potentially initiate or amplify antitumor immunity through the release of tumor-associated antigens. However, clinically efficacious immunity is lacking and regional recurrences are a limiting factor relative to surgical excision. To understand the mechanism of immune activation by cryoablation, compreh...

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG exhibit their immunostimulatory activities by binding to TLR. Here, we show that human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) contain TLR9 protein, surprisingly, in amounts comparable with plasmacytoid DC (pDC). Immature moDC but not mature moDC nor monocytes captured CpG-ODNs. moDC stimulation with the CpG-A ODN D19 up-regulated CD83, C...

background : historically, leishmanization is the most effective protective measure against cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), cl lesion induced by leishmanization sometimes takes a long time to heal. ma­nipulation of leishmanization inoculums needed to induce a mild and acceptable cl lesion. the aim of this study was to explore if liposomal form of cpg odn (cytosin phosphate guanin oligodeoxynu­cle...