In May 2012, a Coxsackievirus A24 haemorrhagic conjunctivitis was diagnosed in Marseille, France, in a traveller returning from the Comoros Islands. This case allowed identification of the cause of an ongoing outbreak of haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Indian Ocean Islands, illustrating that returning travellers may serve as sentinels for infectious diseases outbreaks in tropical areas where lab...

In 2007, clusters of severe coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) infection occurred across the United States, and CVB1 became the most commonly reported enterovirus. The complete genome sequence of CVB1 isolated from an infant (CVB1-Chi07) was examined and found to be divergent from the Conn5 reference strain, with 80% and 96% similarities at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively.

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of four coxsackievirus A16 strains isolated from four children with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease. Three of them were assigned to subgenotype B1b based on phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 gene, and the other one belonged to subgenotype B1a.

We describe the development of a coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) serotype-specific PCR which correctly differentiated between CVA16 and other enterovirus serotypes of both laboratory isolates and clinical specimens. The assay will be useful for monitoring CVA16 outbreaks and studying the disease association, epidemiology, and evolution of this common enterovirus serotype.

Genomes of three strains (Parker, USSR, and 275/58) of coxsackievirus A7 (CV-A7) were amplified by the long reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method and sequenced. While the sequences of Parker and USSR were identical, the similarities of 275/58 to the CV-A7 reference sequence, accession no. AY421765, were 82.6% and 96.2% for nucleotides and amino acids, respectively.

8 Recombination events were found in two human coxsackievirus B3 strains, 9 Beijing0811 and SD2012CHN. The strains were isolated separately from five 10 newborns diagnosed with severe hospital acquired acute myocarditis in Beijing in 11 2008, and two children diagnosed with hand, foot, and mouth disease with concurrent 12 acute myocarditis in Shandong in 2012. 13

Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) caused hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with a unique manifestation of epididymitis. The patient underwent operation due to suspicion of testicular torsion. Epididymitis was diagnosed by ultrasound examination. Enterovirus was detected from epididymal fluid by PCR and typed by partial sequencing of viral protein 1 as CV-A6.

Coxsackievirus A-16 (CVA-16) is the agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. We report a case of fatal pneumonitis in an adult due to a CVA-16 strain with a low (78.6%) rate of sequence homology with the reference strain. A modified, more virulent, strain of CVA-16 could be emerging.

Enterovirus infection and persistence have been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain chronic muscle diseases. In vitro studies suggest that persistent enteroviruses mutate, evolving into forms that are less lytic and display altered tropism, but it is less clear whether these mechanisms operate in vivo. In this study, persistent coxsackievirus RNA from the muscle of mice afflicted with chr...

BACKGROUND Viral conjunctivitis are the most frequent infections in ophthalmology clinics. The diagnosis is usually relying on clinical findings and medical history. However, topical antibiotics are often used unnecessarily addition to symptomatic treatment because of unsure agents. We aimed to detect the Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus and Enterovirus from conjunctiva and pharyngeal samples of pati...