In this paper we present an alternative approach to the problem of spot counting in interphase cell nuclei. Spot counting is a technique to detect defects of chromosomes in cells. By counting the number of spots which are labeled (read coloured) chromosomes one is able to indicate whether this cell has abberation that indicates a serious illness. We will not focus on the staining techniques use...

Schultz and Yarus (1996) propose that codon reassignment takes place through ambiguously translating intermediates, meaning ‘‘the supposition that codons are read ambiguously by two tRNAs (a tRNA and an RF [release factor] in the case of terminations), specifying insertion of more than one amino acid (or an amino acid as well as stop).’’ In simple terms, they propose that a codon can have two m...

This paper explores the utility of assemblage theory for intergenerational counter-mapping and, through this, for reconfigurations of indigeneity. Counter-mapping is theorised as a kind of assemblage that, through intergenerational learning, is fundamentally memetic (composed of evolving units of information) in nature. Assemblage is theorised as having three aspects (relations of exteriority, ...

Adaptation to other initially unknown agents often requires computing an effective counter-strategy. In the Bayesian paradigm, one must find a good counterstrategy to the inferred posterior of the other agents’ behavior. In the experts paradigm, one may want to choose experts that are good counter-strategies to the other agents’ expected behavior. In this paper we introduce a technique for comp...

We introduce a new symbolic representation based on an original generalization of counter abstraction. Unlike classical counter abstraction (used in the analysis of parameterized systems with unordered or unstructured topologies) the new representation is tailored for proving properties of linearly ordered parameterized systems, i.e., systems with arbitrary many finite processes placed in an ar...

Vernon Smith has always asked great questions. In this case the questions he asks constitute a challenge to the behavioral revolution. This is a challenge which he has beenmaking for many years, most pointedly his challenges to the interpretation of experimental evidence by psychologists (Smith, 1991, 2003, 2007). The questions that he asks here are, he stresses, also old questions. In effect t...

We introduce an affine generalization of counter automata, and analyze their ability as well as affine finite automata. Our contributions are as follows. We show that there is a language that can be recognized by exact realtime affine counter automata but by neither 1-way deterministic pushdown automata nor realtime deterministic k-counter automata. We also show that a certain promise problem, ...