this paper aims at studying governance and distribution of autonomies in tehran city islamic council in the process of performing intra/inter-organizational functions. according to current theories on governance, there are three types of governance according to the kinde of involvement. authority involvement, interactive involvement and persuasion involvement, in tehran city islamic council in ...

Marc-Andre Cornier, MD, Chair; Jean-Pierre Després, PhD, FAHA; Nichola Davis, MD, MS; Daurice A. Grossniklaus, RN, MEd, PhD; Samuel Klein, MD, FAHA; Benoit Lamarche, PhD, FAHA; Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, MD, MSc; Goutham Rao, MD; Marie-Pierre St-Onge, PhD; Amytis Towfighi, MD; Paul Poirier, MD, PhD, FAHA; on behalf of the American Heart Association Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, P...

General and Professional Characteristics of Iranian High School Administrators H. Abdollaahi, Ph.D. The Iranian High Council on Education has identified certain characteristics for high school administrators in order to ensure the quality of running such places of learning. However, the extent to which the current administrators possess these characteristics is a matter of research re...

This column, presented by the director of the International Council of Nurses (ICN), discusses the work of the ICN over the past 20 years and into the future in developing nursing leaders across the globe. Dr Ferguson relates this activity to the constructs of the Magnet Recognition Program. The ICN is at the forefront of making sure nurses and nurse executives have the knowledge, skills, and a...

Global measurement of carbon dioxide column with the aim of discovering and quantifying unknown sources and sinks has been a high priority for the last decade. In order to uncover the “missing sink” that is responsible for the large discrepancies in the budget the critical precision for a measurement needs to be on the order of 3 ppm. That number comes from the transport inversion model experim...

This essay focuses upon the transnational history of Professional Nursing. Women leaders across the Atlantic were behind major associative movements touched by feminist and libertarian ideas. Since the 1890s, this crisscrossing of actors and ideas defies any simple labeling of'national models'. This paper argues against the existence of a 'French model', as an alternative to the ideas and pract...

* We are deeply grateful to Professor Arrigo Cellina for suggesting the initial problem, for his useful advice, and for his warm encouragement; we also wish to thank Professors Jean-Pierre Aubin and Helena Frankowska, who gave the authors the opportunity to meet together. We warmly thank the referee for asking us to be precise about an unclear point concerning Thoerem 2.2. We thank the D.M.I. o...

BACKGROUND The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is facing large challenges in managing environmental chemicals with increasingly complex requirements for assessing risk that push the limits of our current approaches. To address some of these challenges, the National Research Council (NRC) developed a new vision for toxicity testing. Although the report focused only on toxicity testing, it r...

Paolo Allegrini, Marco Buiatti, Paolo Grigolini, and Bruce J. West Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Unitá di Ricerca di Pisa, Piazza Torricelli, 2-56100 Pisa, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Universitá di Pisa, Piazza Torricelli 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy Istituto di Biofisica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via S. Lorenzo 26, 56127 Pisa, Italy Center for Nonlinear Science, Unive...

Maria Franzini, Alfonso Pompella and Alessandro Corti* 1 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio – CNR, Pisa, Italy 2 Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy 3 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Medical School, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy *Correspondence: alessandro.corti@me...