The development of broiler farms is supported by the strengthening upstream industries such as breeding farms, feed mill companies, and veterinary drug downstream livestock product processing companies. This also encourages formation a business pattern from chicken farming. study aims to determine cost, revenue, income, feasibility partnership independent farming business. method used in this r...

The paper considers the use of a Consumer Price Index (CPI) for three possible purposes: (1) as a Cost of Living Index (COLI); i.e., as a measure of the relative cost of achieving the standard of living when facing two different sets of prices for the same group of commodities; (2) as a consumption deflator; i.e., the price change component for a decomposition of a value ratio into price and qu...

In the economical caching problem, an online algorithm is given a sequence of prices for a certain commodity. The algorithm has to manage a buffer of fixed capacity over time. We assume that time proceeds in discrete steps. In step i, the commodity is available at price ci ∈ [α, β], where β > α ≥ 0 and ci ∈ N. One unit of the commodity is consumed per step. The algorithm can buy this unit at th...

In their publication in Pharmacoeconomics Open, Akpinar et al. [1] reported the results of their review of methods for forecasting drug prices for economic evaluations. This was an interesting article, and I agreed with most of the conclusions. However, I disagree that prices forecast using the price of a close substitute on the same market may be more reliable. This conclusion may be biased be...

Abstract Enzyme consumption is a key cost in the lignocellulosic sugar route for production of biofuels and chemicals, polyethylene glycol (PEG) low-cost additive that improves hydrolysis efficiency. Despite many studies this area, relation benefit over PEG addition remains unclear. This article describes principles expressing effect as an equivalent enzyme amount, by merging adsorption kinetic...

We consider the min-cost multicast problem with multiple correlated sources, where each receiver wants to reconstruct all the sources. We initiate the study of the inefficiency brought forth by the selfish behavior of the terminals in this scenario of multicast of multiple sources by modeling it as a noncooperative game among the terminals. The degradation in performance due to the lack of regu...

PURPOSE A recent large phase 3 trial demonstrated that the efficacy of accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) in the treatment of early breast cancer is non-inferior to that of whole breast irradiation (WBI) commonly used in this indication. The aim of this study was to compare the costs of treatment with APBI and WBI in a population of patients after conserving surgery for early breast ...

In this study, yield-water and profit function was used to obtain water demand function in agriculture sector. The results showed that the ratio of actual to potential Evapotranspiration had positive, significant effecton the ratio of actual to potential yield for wheat and barley. Also, square ratio of actual to potential Evapotranspiration had negative, significant relationship. After estimat...

Water pricing is considered as one of the most important management tools of water resources, which can result in optimized allocation in the agricultural sector. In this regard, this study estimated the cost of water and the value of water in the farmlands covered by the selected manmade ponds (MMPs) within the Alborz project area in Mazandaran Province using the engineering economics methods ...