Abstract The inception of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in 2018, an event which redefined institutional dimensions Africa-European relations, is at centre historic normative debates between two dominant contending schools on imperatives unity. While Pan-Africanists advocate for unity as a strategy to rupture trade relations continents question, Afro-European integrationists a...

There are five natural beginnings of life created by the hand God: personality; family; nation (homeland), kingdom heaven and church. In this article, we will try to consider only one aspect responsibility a man associated with formation national identity. Today, patriotism becomes idea that can turn from an intangible force into material if it is mastered people for many become internal convic...

This article continues the series of publications on universal evolution ancient civilization and its sub-civilizations deals with characteristics socio-economic social structures in a classical polis, their interrelationships contradictions example Athens. The author considers various changes power-property relations role traditional clusters governing groups under expansion democratic institu...

What an ‘independent’ judiciary means in a democratic society is complex question, bringing such elements as the governing of high courts, recruitment judges, and their susceptibility to disciplinary action. Those subjects are not isolated items but components wider system, with its functioning ruled by political principles. Therefore, it essential identify ideological conceptions beneath diver...