There is increasing evidence that different transcription units are transcribed together in discrete nuclear structures known as transcription factories. Various new techniques enable us to detect and characterize these structures. We review the latest findings and discuss how they support a model for transcription and chromosome organization.

543 Introduction During the last years, due to world-wide economic recession and a large inventory of stock, copper reached a historical value of 0.59 US$/pound in 2001. This fact meant closing down many important mining companies in the world, mainly in USA. On the other hand, strong environmental restrictions have been imposed on the mining activity, and it is expected they will become more r...

The use of steel-making slag as catalysts for microwave-assisted dry reforming of CH4 was studied. Carbon materials (an activated carbon and a metallurgical coke), mixtures of carbon materials + Fe-rich slag and mixtures of carbon materials + Ni/Al2O3 were tested as catalysts. Mixtures of slag with carbons gave rise to higher and steadier conversions than those achieved over carbon materials. T...

C. Oprean, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, G. Dobrotă, Faculty of Economic Sciences and Business Administration, “Constantin Brâncuşi” University of Târgu-Jiu, Romania. The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of degree of indebtedness, the level of equity capital and the net result on the value of metallurgical companies, represented by their marke...

The photovoltaic and the semiconductor industries are in growth and it is necessary to supply a large amount of silicon to maintain this growth. Since silicon is still the best material for the manufacturing of solar cells and semiconductor components so the pure silicon like solar grade and semiconductor grade materials are demanded. There are two main routes for silicon production: metallurgi...

B. Gajdzik, The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Katowice, Poland Before metallurgical enterprises started implementation of marketing activities they had to go through restructuring processes which included all areas of their market activities. Privatised metallurgical enterprises after economic transformation gradually implemented marketing to th...

Machining oxygen-free electronic (OFE) copper could be challenging but is not widely studied because few industrial or critical components requires to master the machined sub-surface characteristics. CERN radio frequency cavities are one of applications, especially turned surface functional final products. The niobium coating post process, which gives superconductive properties cavity, largely ...

The copper/aluminum composite is very important and practical due to its light weight, optimal thermal electrical conductivity. high weight resistance ratio, along with inherent properties, makes it attractive for new applications. In this regard, the use of composites mechanical properties has significantly increased. research, 5000 series aluminum pure copper samples in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th pas...

Abstract This paper analyses and re-evaluates current explanations interpretations of the origins, development societal context metallurgy in Balkans (c. 6200–3700 BC). The early this region encompasses production, distribution consumption copper, gold, tin bronze, lead silver. draws upon a wide range existing archaeometallurgical archaeological data, diversity depth which make one most intensi...

Heap leaching is a firm extractive metallurgical technology facilitating the economical processing of different kinds low-grade ores that are otherwise not exploited. Nevertheless, regardless much development since it was first used, process advantages restricted by low recoveries and long extraction times. It becoming progressively clear selection heap as an appropriate to specific mineral res...