Endonasal skull base surgery is growing exponentially as a subspecialty. In recent years, advances in endoscopic techniques and intraoperative navigation systems have allowed us to expand the indications of endoscopic skull base surgery. Major skull base centers worldwide are addressing larger and more complex lesions using endoscopic techniques. As a consequence, the skull base defects are mor...

tertainment milestone in 1995 with the release of Toy Story, the first full-length movie animated using computers. But the digitally created characters and sets of such productions generally still have a distinctive look that sets them off from reality: everything is a little too smooth and perfect, a little too clean, as if freshly molded in plastic. What’s missing is dirt and dust, cracks and...

The article describes a male [correction of female] skull from the contempoary cementary of Pestkovo, Bulgaria, with morphological traits of microcephaly (skull capacity--907 cm3). The skull was characterised by means of measurements with reference to 60 skulls of contemporary Bulgarians. Thus the normalised data and values of natural Perkal's indices were obtained. Obtained data indicate morph...

Over the last few years, immunotherapy for HIV in general and therapeutic vaccination particular, has received a tremendous boost, both preclinical research clinical applications. This interest is based on evidence that immune system plays crucial role controlling infection, as shown long-term non-progressors elite controllers, responses can be manipulated towards targeting conserved epitopes. ...

this case report presents an eight-year-old girl having periauricular swelling and severe pain during mouth opening on the right-side temporomandibular joint (tmj). cbct showed extensive destruction of the base of the skull and the roof of the glenoid fossa on the right side. the findings based on ct and mri images with and without contrast are discussed herein. this report highlights a skull b...

We present a quantitative analysis of sexual dimorphism and geographic variation in the skull of Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) assessed by geometric morphometrics. Differences in size and shape of skulls were investigated using 30 landmarks plotted on two-dimensional images of lateral and ventral views. Results of geometric morphometrics revealed sexual dimorphism in the centroid size of the ...

introduction : pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma is an uncommon histological variety of bronchogenic carcinoma, and has histologic areas differentiated as both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and has clinical behavior more like that of adenocarcinoma. tumor stage is higher at the time of diagnosis, and survival is poorer. case presentation : we present a 65 years old woman with bulgi...

the skull of two lacertid lizards of iran including eremias persica from isfahan province, central iranian plateau and mesalina watsonana from birjand in southern khorasan province, eastern iran, was described and compared based on seven dry skull preparations. prominent differences included: the shape of the premaxilla and its articulation with other skull elements, the shape of the frontal (p...