Chromatin looping plays a pivotal role in gene expression and other biological processes through bringing distal regulatory elements into spatial proximity. The formation of chromatin loops is mainly mediated by DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) that bind to the interacting sites and form complexes in three-dimensional (3D) space. Previously, identification of DBP cooperation has been limited to thos...

Throughout their life, humans often engage in public goods games in situations ranging from family related issues to global warming. In all cases, the tragedy of the commons threatens the possibility of reaching the optimal solution associated with global cooperation. Up to now, individuals have been treated as equivalent in all respects, in sharp contrast with real life situations, where diver...

Scholars have debated the manner in which religious beliefs influence economic organization. This paper examines a particular case–the craft guilds of medieval England–to show how religious doctrines influence the ability of a group to enforce cooperation. When mortality rates are high, repeated interaction alone cannot sustain cooperation, but spiritual sanctions in the afterlife can sustain c...

Shigeki Takemoto1,2* 1Department of International Cooperation, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan 2Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan *Corresponding author: Dr. Shigeki Takemoto, MD, PhD, Chief of Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center, 1-5 Ninomaru, Kumamoto 860...

A lot of software infrastructures for distributed device ensembles with quite different approaches have been developed in the past. This article describes the need of a reference architecture for real ad-hoc cooperation of distributed device ensembles which must support self-organization of its components. Self-organization means that the independence of the ensembles’ components is ensured, th...

While algorithms for cooperative proxy caching have been widely studied, little is understood about the performance of cooperative caching in the Web environment as it scales to large client populations. This paper uses both tracebased analysis and analytic modelling to show the potential advantages and drawbacks of inter-proxy cooperation. With our traces, we evaluate quantitatively the perfor...

Background The "Sir Charles Bell Society (SCBS)"[1] is an international multi-disciplinary organization created at the "VII International Facial Nerve Symposium (Cologne 1992)", dedicated to collection, dissemination and interchange of ideas relating to the facial nerve, thus furthering cooperation and encouraging global friendships. The SCBS is a non-profit world-wide organization with headqua...

Lipids are the most abundant organic compounds in the brain. The brain has a unique lipidome, and changes in lipid concentration, organization, and metabolism are associated with many neuronal diseases. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding presynaptic membrane lipid organization, centered on illustrative examples of how the lipids themselves regulate membrane trafficking and contro...

We are investigating the cooperative behavior of intelligent agents in a large group. A cooperative intelligent agent is a user's personal consultant that can take care of problems the user got, and solve them either by itself or via cooperation. We have proposed a twin-base (cooperator-base U task-base) agent modeling technique for individual agents to monitor activities of the others in order...

the shanghai cooperation organization (sco) is developing into a major regional institution in the heart of central eurasia. to make any predictions about the sco, one must examine factors contributing to russian and chinese foreign policy behaviors in central asia. does the seductive presumption of a looming battle for control of eurasia smell of a new “great game” and great power rivalry? ans...