Film cooling is a cooling technique widely used in highperformance gas turbines to protect the turbine airfoils from being damaged by hot flue gases. Motivated by the need to further improve film cooling in terms of both cooling effectiveness and coolant coverage area, the mist/air film cooling scheme is investigated through experiments in this study. A small amount of tiny water droplets (7% w...

BACKGROUND Heat stroke is an illness with a high risk of mortality or morbidity, which can occur in the young and fit (exertional heat stroke) as well as the elderly and infirm (nonexertional heat stroke). In the United States, from 2006 to 2010, there were at least 3332 deaths attributed to heat stroke. OBJECTIVE To summarize the available evidence on the principal cooling methods used in th...

BACKGROUND The neuroprotective effects of cooling the spinal cord in a sheep model by a self-contained intrathecal catheter was reported recently by the authors. The present study was designed to determine if cooling catheters in the lateral ventricles of the brain can effectively cool the CSF and thereby reduce brain temperature while maintaining systemic normothermia. METHODS The cooling ca...

Quasi-hydrostatic cooling of the intracluster gas is studied. In the quasi-hydrostatic model, work done by gravity on the inflow gas with dP 6= 0, where P is the gas pressure, is taken into account in the thermal balance. The gas flows in from the outer part so as to compensate the pressure loss of the gas undergoing radiative cooling, but the mass flow is so moderate and smooth that the gas is...

in this paper by the introduction of the basic equipment of a solar cooling system, solar hydrogen ammonia refrigeration system as a solar cooling technique will be discussed. using heat collector and absorption refrigeration allows us to use residual heat, for cooling, heating and producing hot water and boiling water .this research focuses on methods of heat transfer from the sun into the gen...

Evaporative cooling is able to generate the cooling medium at a temperature approaching to the ambient wet bulb temperature. In this paper, a low-energy air conditioning strategy is proposed, which is a combination of cooled ceiling (CC), microencapsulated phase change material (MPCM) slurry storage and evaporative cooling technologies. The assessment of evaporative cooling availability and uti...

A two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to estimate the contributions of different mechanisms of brain cooling during cold-water near-drowning. Mechanisms include 1) conductive heat loss through tissue to the water at the head surface and in the upper airway and 2) circulatory cooling to aspirated water via the lung and via venous return from the scalp. The model accounts for changes...

This paper investigates the long-run effects of climate change on conflict by examining cooling from 1400-1900 CE, a period that includes most of the Little Ice Age. We construct a geo-referenced and digitized database of conflicts in Europe, North Africa, and the Near East from 1400-1900, which we merge with historical temperature data. We first show that during this time cooling is associated...

We present ion-by-ion cooling efficiencies for low-density gas. We use Cloudy (version 10.00) to estimate the cooling efficiencies for each ion of the first 30 elements (H–Zn) individually. We present results for gas temperatures between 104 and 108 K, assuming low densities and optically thin conditions. When nonequilibrium ionization plays a significant role the ionization states deviate from...