Spherical converging shock waves with incoming Mach number 1.18 are generated in a conical test chamber fitted to conventional square-section tube. A wave cutter is employed ensure proper transition from the square cylindrical straight pipe installed upstream of convergent section. The incident planar transformed into spherical by use an ellipsoidal membrane acting as gas lens separating two ga...

When pricing OTC contracts in the presence of additional risk factors and costs, such as credit funding collateral starting “clean price” is modified additively by valuation adjustments (XVAs) that account for each factor or cost isolation, while seemingly ignoring combined effects. Instead, costs can be jointly accounted ab initio mechanism at level cash flows, this “adjusted flow" approach le...

T developments combine previously distinct technologies that result in converging markets. In converging markets, firms from different industries compete against each other, often for the first time. We propose that firms introducing new products in converging markets will learn vicariously from other firms in the market. Further, we propose that this learning will vary across the dual-technolo...