Compared with the elongate bodies of shrimps or lobsters, crabs are characterised by a compact body organisation with a depressed, short carapace and a ventrally folded pleon. The evolutionary transformation from a lobster-like crustacean towards a crab is called ‘carcinization’ and has been interpreted as a dramatic morphological change. Nevertheless, the crab-shape evolved convergently in a n...

In the present paper, we investigate the notion of I -statistical convergence and introduce I -st limit points and I -st cluster points of real number sequence and also studied some of its basic properties.

Consider repeated events of multiple kinds that occur according to a rightcontinuous semi-Markov process whose transition rates are in ̄uenced by one or more timedependent covariates. The logarithms of the intensities of the transitions from one state to another are modelled as members of a linear function space, which may be ®niteor in®nitedimensional. Maximum likelihood estimates are used, whe...

ABSTRACT The reconstruction of the economic history Brazil since independence from Portugal (1822) may lead to a new understanding its growth. deep-rooted idea that could have done better means there is need delve into each phase development. In this paper, we provide very long-run perspective (1822-2019) Brazil’s growth and process real convergence. On one hand, review indicates structural cha...

Non-Fourier heat transfer analysis of functionally graded (FG) spherical shells subjected to the radiative-convective boundary conditions at their inner and outer surfaces are presented. It is assumed that the material properties have continuous variations along the thickness direction. The incremental differential quadrature method (IDQM) as an accurate and computationally efficient numerical ...