A generalized analytical solution to the set of coupled energy balance equations governing heat transfer in a system comprised of uniform radius spherical particles, with nonuniform initial temperature, heated in a well mixed liquid with time varying temperature, is initially derived. Based on this solution, analytical equations describing the temperature evolution for both fluid and particles,...

Accuracy in photovoltaic (PV) module temperature modeling is crucial to achieving precision energy performance yield calculations and subsequent economic evaluations of PV projects. While there have been numerous approaches based on both the steady-state transient thermal assumptions, few attempts account for changing convective cooling surfaces resulting from changes system layout. Changes row...

Since the Kyoto conference there is a broad consensus that the human emission of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, has to be reduced. In the power generation sector there are three main alternatives which are currently studied world wide. Among them oxy-fuel cycles with internal combustion with pure oxygen are a very promising technology. Within the European project ENCAP – ENhanced CO2 CAPture the...

It is well-known that aerosols affect clouds and that the effect of aerosols on clouds is critical for understanding human-induced climate change. Most climate model studies have focused on the effect of aerosols on warm stratiform clouds (e.g., stratocumulus clouds) for the prediction of climate change. However, systems like the Asian and Indian Monsoon, storm tracks, and the intertropical con...

We consider the amplification and transport of a magnetic field in the collapsed core of a massive star, including both the region between the neutrinosphere and the shock, and the central, opaque core. An analytical argument explains why rapid convective overturns persist within a newly formed neutron star for roughly 10 seconds (> 10 overturns), consistent with recent numerical models. A dyna...

in the nighttime, drainage flow occurs along the basin sideslope and advects cold air to the boundary layer over the basin bottom (bbl), intensifying the cooling rate of the layer. a nocturnal cold air lake develops in the basin, attaining a depth nearly equal to the topographical depth of the basin. heat budget analysis of the whole basin surface shows that net radiative flux closely balances ...

The convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) is a crucial parameter for night ventilation performance estimation. This paper investigates the of with diffuse ceiling (DCV) concept in an office room. A series dynamic full-scale experiments were conducted different thermal mass distribution schemes, air change rates per hour (ACH), and supply temperatures. CHTC at interior surfaces inlet outle...