To indicate that a referent is minimally distinguishable from a previously mentioned antecedent speakers can use contrastive intonation. Commonly, the antecedent is shared with the listener. However, in natural discourse interlocutors may not share all information. In a previous study we found that typically developing speakers can account for such perspective differences when producing contras...

One of the biggest difficulties in automatic speech recognition (ASR) is how to deal with variations of speech signals caused by non-linguistic information, such as age, gender, etc. Various methods have been proposed to compensate for the variations and one of them is speech structure [1]. Speech structure, which extracts only contrastive features and discards absolute features, is proved to b...

With the continual growth of the internet as a source of information, where a great amount of data is being uploaded every minute, the need for data compression is getting more important. This applies also to textual documents. As the amount of data grows, the probability of multiple similar documents is increasing. One way how to deal with this is to reduce the text, i.e. to use document summa...

In this paper I introduce the notion of bilogics, namely logics interpreted over a pair of structures, in contrast to classical logic and many of its variations, the formulae of which are interpreted over one structure. In particular, I introduce and study Contrastive Logic, suitable for expressing contrast and conformity between the two structures involved. A major reason for this study is str...

The evolution of competing lexical categories is simulated within a model in which lexical outputs are organized as sequences of articulatory gestures. When exemplar-based categories compete for assignment and storage of incoming exemplars in a production/storage loop, contrast between categories spontaneously emerges and remains stable, driven by the differences in storage consistency between ...

We formulate a differential version of contrastive divergence for continuous configuration spaces by considering a limit of MCMC processes in which the proposal distribution becomes infinitesimal. This leads to a deterministic differential contrastive divergence update — one in which no stochastic sampling is required. We prove convergence of differential contrastive divergence in general and p...

Citation: Bachmann T (2015) On the brain-imaging markers of neural correlates of consciousness. For many years, since Baars (1988) explicitly formulated it, contrastive analysis has been the key methodological approach in experimental studies of consciousness. When certain properly chosen psychological experimental setups (allowing an invariant target stimulus either to be consciusly experience...