one of the major problems for the implementation of infrastructure projects in various sectors of the economy, especially the energy sector, is the lack of liquidity. to solve this problem, project financing is created. bot contracts comprise one of the most common methods, particularly in infrastructure and energy sectors, and build-lease-transfer (blt) is a relatively new method of this appro...

today, the issue concerning the conferment of the whole or a part of the material rights belonging to the author and the related contracts is of special importance, to the extent that in some legal systems, such as the french, various specific contracts, like the publication contract, special provisions and regulations have been devised for it. whereas, no special rules concerning the above-men...

the iranian civil code is mostly influenced by juristic sources and french law. in the article 1234 of french civil code, a legal institution entitled “terminator condition” is included in the causes of discharge of an obligation. the article 264 of iranian civil code, which deals with description of causes of discharge of an obligation, corresponds to the article 1234 of french civil law. howe...

A multi-party contract signing protocol allows a set of participants to exchange messages with each other with a view to arriving in a state in which each of them has a pre-agreed contract text signed by all the others. Garay and Mackenzie (GM) proposed such protocol based on private contract signatures, but it was later shown to be flawed by Chadha, Kremer and Scedrov (CKS); the authors CKS al...

Contract interpretation remains the most important source of commercial litigation and the most contentious area of contemporary contract doctrine and scholarship. Two polar positions have competed for dominance in contract interpretation. In a textualist regime, generalist courts cannot consider context; in a contextualist regime, they must. Underlying this dispute are contrary assumptions abo...