background: it is noted that oral contraceptive pills increase the risk of abnormal pap smear but results have been inconsistent across the populations. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the association between oral contraceptive pill (ocp) consumption and abnormal pap smear in women who referred to shahid sadoughi and madar hospitals in yazd. materials and methods: a cross sectional desc...

Substantial international aid is spent reducing the cost of contraception in developing countries, as part of a larger effort to reduce global fertility and increase investment per child worldwide. The importance for fertility behaviors of keeping contraceptive prices low, however, remains unclear. Targeting of subsidies and insufficient price variation have hindered prior attempts to estimate ...

Résumé Abstract Fertility remains higher and contraceptive levels are substantially lower in Sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere in the developing world. In this paper we use information on individuals and couples provided in recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS, fifth wave) undertaken in Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, and Zambia. We use bivariate and multivariate techniques to examine the deter...

background : almost two thirds of iranians eligible for using contraceptive methods use these methods. their dissatisfaction with the methods would directly and indirectly affect the quality of family planning services and would bring about detrimental results for the service recipients and consequently for other family members. therefore, identification and evaluation of the factors leading to...

background: the postpartum period is a time of transition for a pregnant woman and her new family. in this period many pregnant women are in search about the family planning methods. but contraceptive options differ depending on women’s desires such as cultural and religious believes, partner attitudes, previous contraceptive experiences. objective: this study was conducted to identify status o...

This study aims to understand the level of contraceptive knowledge and attitudes towards contraception, and then to explore the association between the contraceptive behavior and unintended pregnancy in unmarried female university students in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted of university students in 49 universities across 7 cities in China from September 2007 to January 2008. We di...

OBJECTIVES A substantial proportion of women who undergo an abortion continue afterwards without switching to more effective contraceptive use. Many subsequently have repeat unintended pregnancies. This study, therefore, aimed to identify and describe health professionalś experiences of providing contraceptive counselling to women seeking an abortion. METHODS We interviewed 21 health professi...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two low-dose levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive systems. METHODS Nulliparous and parous women aged 18-35 years with regular menstrual cycles (21-35 days) requesting contraception were randomized to 3 years of treatment with one of two levonorgestrel intrauterine contraceptive systems: 13.5 mg total content or 19.5 mg total content. The p...

CONTEXT Increased use of contraceptives in Malawi has not translated into a commensurate reduction in fertility, but the reason is unknown. Insight into contraceptive switching and discontinuation may shed light on this conundrum and on whether the commonly used modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) is the best indicator of family planning program performance. METHODS A one-year prospec...

The Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) guaranteed contraceptive coverage for employees of the federal government. However, opponents of the FEHBP contraceptive coverage questioned the viability of the conscience clause. Supporters of the contraceptive coverage pressed for the narrowest exemption, one that only permit religious plans that clearly states religious objection t...