OBJECTIVES We aimed to increase the bacterial cell killing efficacy of erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) of Streptococcus mutans biofilms by fractionating the delivered light dose into a series of shorter pulses. METHODS S. mutans biofilms of 200 microm thickness were grown in a constant-depth film fermenter (CDFF). Biofilms were incubated with 22 microM erythrosine before being...

In this letter, oversampling effect is analyzed when correlation (CORR) metric is used in the selected mapping (SLM) scheme with the presence of nonlineartiy. In general, 4 times oversampling is enough for estimating continuous signal. But, we can use 2 times oversampling with similar bit error rate (BER) performance. Therefore, we can reduce the computational complexity half roughly. Simulatio...

It has been observed earlier that in larval and juvenile whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) from Lake Constance, Germany, otolith increments are deposited daily, whereas daily deposition could not be confirmed in larval whitefish from Lake Pyh~iselka, Finland. In these studies, Lake Constance whitefish experienced 12 to 14 hours light per day, while light intensity in Finnish lakes was under 100 l...

Studies have indicated that night lights interfere with the circadian rhythm in the human body and threaten human health. Our previous studies indicated that continuous light exposure severely damages the reproductive endocrine system of female rats resembles polycystic ovary syndrome in women. In this study, we used the continuous measurement method to observe changes in the basal physiologica...

Pattern formation in plants has to cope with ambient variability and therefore must integrate environmental cues such as light. Synchrony of cell divisions was previously observed in cell files of tobacco suspension cultures, which represents a simple case of pattern formation. To develop cellular approaches for light-dependent patterning, light-responsive tobacco cell lines were screened from ...

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) coenzyme A reductase mRNA accumulates preferentially in dark-grown Arabidopsis plants. As one step toward understanding the role that light plays in the regulation of the mevalonate pathway in plants, we characterized the suppression of HMG1 gene expression in response to illumination wavelength, duration, and fluence rate. The accumulation of HMG1 mRNA by dark ...

The study aimed at evaluating the depth of cure and knoop hardness of a microfine-hybrid composite resin that was photo-activated using different methods. A bipartite brass mold was filled with composite resin and photo-activation was performed using four methods: (1) Intermittent method using quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light curing unit (LCU) (2) Continuous method (QTH) (3) Exponential meth...

Morphometrical study of Iranobuthus krali (Kovarik,1997) is given on the basis of 6 specimens collected from Fars province,Southern IranThe specimens was captured by forceps under UV light during field studies in this province.Iranobuthus is easily distinguished from Compsobuthus Vachon,1949 by it's size and it differs from genera Androctonus Hemprich & Ehremberg, 1828 Hottentotta and Mesobut...

Exposure to light is a major determinant of sleep timing and hormonal rhythms. The role of retinal cones in regulating circadian physiology remains unclear, however, as most studies have used light exposures that also activate the photopigment melanopsin. Here, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to alternating red light and darkness can enhance circadian resetting responses in humans by rep...