the aim of this paper is to introduce the concepts of fuzzy upper and fuzzy lower almost continuous, weakly continuous and almost weakly continuous multifunctions. several characterizations and properties of these multifunctions along with their mutual relationships are established in $l$-fuzzy topological spaces

-Spatial dark solitons are known to be stable nonlinear localized waves in self-defocusing media. We demonstrate how to analyse the dynamics of dark solitons in the presence of small perturbations, and we consider the effect of two-photon absorption on dark solitons as a particular example. We also predict a new type of dark solitons of circular symmetry, ring dark solitons, which are stable ag...

meatus from which there was a serous discharge. On the external surface of the left side of his neck there was an almost continuous scab of dark yellow colour covering nearly half of it. A little below this, there were a few bullse of about the sizes of a rupee, also a few scabs of smaller size and a few pustules. Below the left axilla there was another scab, about 3" X 4" in size. A little bel...

Egg to eclosion development time and survivorship were assayed on four laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster that had been reared for over 600 generations in continuous light (LL) and constant temperature. The assays were performed in three environments: continuous light (LL), periodically varying light/dark cycles (LD 12:12 hr), and continuous darkness (DD). Development time in LL ...

Although there is good agreement that light reduces the amount of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in the retina, the exact time-course of this decrease is not well established. Bullfrog retinal sections were isolated under infrared light and quick-frozen with liquid nitrogen-cooled, metal hammers after exposure to various intensities of continuous illumination. This quick-freezing should stop the degradation...

In this study, the effect of light intermittence on solar disinfection of secondary treated wastewater was investigated. Synthetic secondary effluent was spiked with E. coli and submitted to 3 different light intermittence regimes by circulating the effluent between a dark storage tank and three in-series illuminated reactors. The relative influence of the recirculation rate on bacterial inacti...

African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were exposed to total darkness (group D) or continuous light (L) during endogenous feeding. During external feeding some of the fish continued to be reared in darkness (DD) and some in light (LL), whereas two groups were exposed to reversed light conditions (groups DL and LD). Survival to the end of yolk absorption was 22% greater in fish exposed to darkness;...