We present the realization of a physical quantum random number generator based on the process of splitting a beam of photons on a beam splitter, a quantum mechanical source of true randomness. By utilizing either a beam splitter or a polarizing beam splitter, single photon detectors and high speed electronics the presented devices are capable of generating a binary random signal with an autocor...

The study of the eightfold degeneracy at a neutrino complex that includes a standard β-Beam and a Super-Beam facility is presented for the first time in this paper. The scenario where the neutrinos are sent toward a Megaton water Cerenkov detector located at the Fréjus laboratory (baseline 130 Km) is exploited. The performance in terms of sensitivity for measuring the continuous (θ13 and δ) and...

Conical diffraction of linearly polarised light in a biaxial crystal produces a beam with a crescent-shaped intensity profile. Rotation of the plane of polarisation produces the unique effect of spatially moving the crescent-shaped beam around a ring. We use this effect to trap microspheres and white blood cells and to position them at any angular position on the ring. Continuous motion around ...

It is shown that the information losses due to the limited fidelity of continuous variable quantum teleportation are equivalent to the losses induced by a beam splitter of appropriate reflectivity. Quantum teleportation allows the transmission of an unknown quantum state by combining the nonlocal quantum coherence of entangled states with the transmission of classical information obtained in a ...

In heavy ion inertial fusion (HIF), the intense heavyion beam (HIB) is one of the influential candidates as the energy driver, and the physics of space-charge-dominated beams is crucial in the HIF and High Energy Density Physics studies. Required parameter values of HIB are several GeV particle energy, ∼100 kA total current, and ∼10 ns short pulse duration, and the beam parameters are far from ...

BACKGROUND Laser acceleration of protons and heavy ions may in the future be used in radiation therapy. Laser-driven particle beams are pulsed and ultra high dose rates of >10⁹ Gy s⁻¹ may be achieved. Here we compare the radiobiological effects of pulsed and continuous proton beams. METHODS The ion microbeam SNAKE at the Munich tandem accelerator was used to directly compare a pulsed and a co...

In this paper, we present an overview of the RWTH Aachen large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer. The recognizer is based on continuous density hidden Markov models and a time-synchronous left-to-right beam search strategy. Experimental results on the ARPA Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpus verify the effects of several system components, namely linear discriminant analysis, vocal tract nor...

In this work, we have investigated the interaction of a high-power Ar+ laser beam, in a continuous multi-line regime, with Ag+-doped glass samples. The samples were subjected to the irradiation after the ion-exchange step. As a result of the irradiation, a peak appears in the absorption spectrum; its evolution depends on both the exposure time and the laser beam power. Interaction of the beam w...

The LEDA RFQ is a 350-MHz continuous-wave (CW) radio-frequency quadrupole linac. LEDA is the low energy demonstration accelerator, a full power front-end prototype for the accelerator production of tritium (APT) linac. This machine has accelerated a 100-mA CW proton beam from 75 keV to 6.7 MeV. The 8-m-long RFQ accepts a dc, 75–keV, ~110-mA H beam from the LEDA injector, bunches the beam, and a...

Active beam-steering devices near the optical frequencies have long been sought after due to their applications in communication, defense, and display technologies; however, the challenge lies in achieving actively tunable structures near these frequencies. An array of metal-dielectric-metal plasmonic resonators is demonstrated as a dynamic beam-steering device to operate at midinfrared wavelen...