Contamination of food is inevitable in the production process from manufacturing to preparation for consumption. Some contaminants are serious health hazards and may increase risk cancer. Carcinogenic include mycotoxins, dioxins, benzopyrene, acrylamide, cadmium arsenic. European Union countries required meet standards individual that be present monitor these contami­nants products on market. H...

The solid particle contamination is a challenge for the cement industries due to the highly dusty environment. The contaminants cause severe wear between moving surfaces and this in turn leads to rapid mechanical failure of the machine elements. The solid particle contaminants get into the lubricant among the metal surfaces due to the environmental conditions. The conditions get more severe in ...

Contaminants in surface water entering karst aquifers in focused recharge can be transported rapidly through the system to discharge at springs. Such contaminants act as anthropogenic tracers of ground-water transport; analysis of their breakthrough curves as they discharge from springs allows identification and apportionment of contaminant sources, and can provide insight into aquifer structur...

The occurrence of numerous emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment have been reported since they became a "hot topic" in the late 1990's. The detection of these substances in environmental waters is challenging because they are found at very low concentrations and are also structurally heterogeneous. Current analytical techniques used to detec...

Naturally occurring manganese (Mn(iii/iv)) oxides are ubiquitous in a wide range of environmental settings and play a key role in numerous biogeochemical cycles. In addition, Mn(iii/iv) oxides are powerful oxidants that are capable of oxidizing a wide range of compounds. This review critically assesses the reactivity of Mn oxides with organic contaminants. Initial work with organic reductants e...

Contributions in the field of soil chemistry have immensely benefited humankind, including enhanced agricultural production and the quality of our environment. This review focuses on research breakthroughs since the mid-1970s and delineates frontiers in soil chemistry for the upcoming decade. However, early contributions in ion exchange, sorption phenomena, and soil acidity are highlighted. Beg...

Unlike laboratory animals, people are rarely exposed to a single hazardous chemical. However, most of the information documenting adverse human health effects from environmental and occupational contaminants has come from studies focused on exposure to single chemicals, and there is little information available on how two or more contaminants affect humans. Most information on the effects of mi...

Emerging organic contaminants (ECs) are compounds now being found in groundwater from agricultural, urban sources that were previously not detectable, or thought to be significant. ECs include pesticides and degradates, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment byproducts, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as ‘life-style’ compounds such a...