The present research demonstrated that in considering an action, considerations against (con) the action tend to be subordinate to considerations in favor of (pro) the action in that cons are considered only if the level of pros is sufficient, whereas pros are considered independent of the level of cons (Studies 1A and IB). The authors therefore concluded that pros constitute a higher construal...

A set of general knowledge structure manipulation primitives is proposed. These processing elements largely eliminate the need for a separate theory of inference. The elements are presented in terms of an abstract characterixation of the understanding task. The processing theory is given as a particular realisation of this characterixation. 1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n It has been generally reco...

concrete) level of construal. These potential sources of regulatory fit suggest the need to investigate the antecedents and consequences of regulatory fit further and to develop methodologies that systematically assess how regulatory orientation can be sustained, enhanced, or

The present study demonstrates a novel way of exploring the relationship between personality and social outcomes by examining an understudied intermediate step: situational construal. Construal is assessed in terms of the degree to which one’s description of a situation agrees with others’ descriptions of the same situation (normativity) and the degree to which the description is positively val...

Copy Abstract: The present study demonstrates a novel way of exploring the relationship between personality and social outcomes by examining an understudied intermediate step: situational construal. Construal is assessed in terms of the degree to which one’s description of a situation agrees with others’ descriptions of the same situation (normativity) and the degree to which the description is...

We conducted three experiments indicating that characteristically deontological judgments--here, disapproving of sacrificing one person for the greater good of others--are preferentially supported by visual imagery. Experiment 1 used two matched working memory tasks-one visual, one verbal-to identify individuals with relatively visual cognitive styles and individuals with relatively verbal cogn...

Associate Editor: Shelly Dionne Based on construal level theory and trait activation theory, we examined the effect of consideration of future consequences (CFC) on transformational leadership behavior and leadership effectiveness, as well as the potential moderating effects of perceived dynamic work environment in the relationship. The results showed that: (a) CFC is positively related to both...