The critique of constitutions as mere parchment barriers is as old as the practice of writing them down. Yet states put a good deal of energy into drafting constitutions and some, inevitably, do so with the intention of abiding by their provisions. The purpose of the following article is to explore this possibility. I develop a theory of constitutional enforcement and test it using data spannin...

Salvadenosine, (1) a rare 5'-deoxy-5'-(methylthio) nucleoside, was isolated from the deep-water Bahaman tunicate Didemnum sp. The structure was solved by integrated analysis of MS and 1D and 2D NMR data. We revise the structure of the known natural product, hamiguanosinol, which is a constitutional isomer of 1, to 5 by interpretation of the spectroscopic data and comparison with synthesized nuc...

In many instances, both voters and politicians are imperfectly informed about which policies are optimal. We analyze politicians’ policy choice in such situations. A distinctive element of our analysis is that we investigate how the strategic sophistication of voters’ beliefs about politicians’ behavior affects policy choice. This provides a novel approach in political economy that leads to a n...

In Wisconsin v. Yoder,' the Supreme Court held that a schoolattendance law requiring parents to send their children to school until the age of sixteen violated Amish parents' free exercise of religion, and infringed their right to direct the religious upbringig of their children.2 Over Justice Douglas' partial dissent,3 the Court limited its analysis to consideration of the constitutional right...

A 14 month old girl was found to have a deletion of the whole of band 5q23. By comparing 19 other cases monosomic for a part of the 5q13-q31 segment, the constitutional 5q interstitial deletions fall into two groups: adult patients with Gardner-like symptoms and mental retardation associated with deletion 5q21-q22, and patients (mostly children) with unspecific signs and symptoms and different ...

As I write this, ethnic strife continues to ravage the world. It has been suggested that since the end of the "cold war," this phenomenon will be the greatest threat to world peace.1 In Germany, demonstrations and counter demonstrations mark the most recent murders of three Turks by fascists, a woman and two girls. Meanwhile, Eastern Europeans have been sent home by the thousands. Kurdish shant...

Taking the view that constitutions are devices Whereby people coordinate to specific equilibria in circumstances that allow multiple equilibria, we show that a constitutional secession clause can serve as such a device and, therefore, that such a clause is more than an empty promise or an ineffectual threat. Employing a simple three-person recursive game, we establish that under certain conditi...

A patient with Klinefelter's syndrome and diabetes mellitus was diagnosed as having myelodysplasia. Cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow cells confirmed the presence of a constitutional 47,XXY chromosome complement. In addition, complex karyotypic abnormalities were present.

Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is a severe autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes to multiple tumours of the nervous system. About half of all patients are founders with clinically unaffected parents. The purpose of the present study was to examine the extent to which mosaicism is present in NF2 founders. A total of 233 NF2 founders with bilateral vestibular schwannomas (BVS) were screened by ...