Optical spectra are typically normalized per unit wavelength or per unit photon energy, yielding two different expressions or curves. It is advantageous instead to normalize a spectrum to a constant fractional bandwidth, providing a unique expression independent of whether the bandwidth is in dimensions of wavelength or of photon energy. For the Sun, whereas a per-unit-wavelength spectrum peaks...

there are various approaches for depth estimation of anomalous potential field data. spectral analysis of gravity and magnetic data has been used extensively for many years to derive the depth to certain geological structures, such as the magnetic basement or the curie temperature isotherm. the interpretation of the gravity and magnetic data is preferred in frequency domain because of simple re...

Abstract: The use of the isolated hybrid power systems is being popular due to the continuous increasing gap between demand and supply of conventional energy sources and intermittent nature of non-conventional energy sources. Normally, the non-conventional energy source such as wind have induction generator to generate electricity but induction generators require reactive power for its operatio...

Z-Source converter or impedance-source converter is a kind of power converters, which has the responsibility to convert the direct current to alternative current. This converter with respect to its circuit diagram acts as a buck-boost converter except it doesn’t use from DC-DC converter bridge. Γ-source inverters are one of the conventional converters based on impedance-sources; which have been...

Source-drain follower has been designed and implemented for monolithically integrated biosensor array. The circuit acts as a voltage follower, in which a sensing transistor is operated at fixed gatesource and gate-drain voltages. It operates at 10 nW power dissipation. The wide-swing cascode configurations are investigated in constant and non-constant biasing methods. The constant biased cascod...

This paper details the design of a three-phase transmitter-receiver topology for use in dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system heavy-duty electric vehicles. The proposed approach eliminates oscillation and voltage/current sharing problems that plague planar DWPT systems. Multi-objective optimization is employed to maximize magnetic coupling minimize undesired positive–negative sequence c...