today, the tourism industry is of a special significance; during the past 50 years , this industry has turned into one of the major actors in the field of international trade as well as providing significant resources for income in most of the developed and developing countries. any country defines an appropriate policy in order to attract foreign tourists. policy making in the field of tourism...

introduction: unsafe and illegal abortions are the third leading cause of maternal death. it affects physical, emotional and social health of women and their families. abortion is a multi-dimensional phenomenon with several social, legal, and religious implications. the views of policy-makers affect the approach to abortion in every society. understanding the attitudes and knowledge of high-ran...

To respond to increasingly diversifying customer's needs of a product, it has become important to acquire potential viewpoints of the customer’s criteria for product evaluation in the design process. Furthermore, emotional needs, such as design styling and user-friendliness, have become increasingly important for a differentiation strategy in a market in which products have similar performances...

I would like to hear comments from more experienced experimental researchers about standard practices for recruiting and compensating participants in consumer and marketing experiments. What are the pros and cons of using student participants? (I know there was a debate about this in the literature a few years ago, but what is the current prevailing opinion?) Is there a difference between using...

GARY R. BIRCHLER, Ph.D., is clinical pro­ fessor of psychiatry at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine and adjunct professor at San Diego State University and the University of San Diego. He serves as co­ director of the UCSD/Veterans Affairs (VA) Psychology Internship Program and director of the Family Mental Health Program, VA San Diego Healthcare System. Dr. Bi...

LINDA A. DIMEFF, PH.D., is a chief sci­ entific officer at Behavioral Tech Research, Inc., a research organization dedicated to the dissemination of evidence-based prac­ tices (EBPs). She is also a clinical instructor in the Department of Psychology at the Uni­ versity of Washington. Her research inter­ ests include EBPs, addictive behaviors, dialec­ tical behavior therapy (DBT), and the adapta...

ROBERT K. BROONER, Ph.D., is profes­ sor of medical psychology at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in Baltimore, and he directs JHU’s Addiction Treatment Services at Bayview Medical Center. He has worked in the field of behavioral science and sub­ stance abuse for 20 years and has published extensively in research areas including alco­ holism, injection drug abuse, multiple diagnoses in drug abus...