BACKGROUND Despite the dramatic decline in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) observed since the introduction of conjugate vaccination, it is feared that several factors may undermine the future effectiveness of the vaccines. In particular, pathogenic pneumococci may switch their capsular types and evade vaccine-conferred immunity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we fir...

INTRODUCTION Shiragami and colleagues [1] have presented a cost-effectiveness model of the use of routine pneumococcal vaccination in infants in Japan using the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). In this analysis, the authors concluded that the routine use of PCV10 was more cost-effective than PCV13. While the analysis appl...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to characterize the serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in central Turkey. METHODOLOGY A total of 332 invasive S. pneumoniae isolates were identified, serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by routine microbiological methods. RESULTS The most common serogroups/serotypes were 1...

OBJECTIVE To describe and analyze the occurrence of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia in children before and after the pneumococcal 10-valent conjugate vaccine implementation into the National Immunization Program. METHODS This is an ecological study that includes records of children younger than one year old, vaccinated and not vaccinated with the pneumococcal 10-valent conju...

LB-7. Immunogenicity and Safety of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Coadministered with a Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Adults 50 Years and Older Previously Vaccinated With 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Roger Baxter, MD, FIDSA; H. Jackson Downey, MD; Scott D. Patterson, PhD; Vani Sundaraiyer, PhD; Wendy Watson, MD; Keri Clarke, MD; William C. Gruber, MD, FIDSA; Dan...

All is not well in the fight against menin-gococcal disease. Despite the availability, for decades, of meningococcal vaccines, Neisseria meningitidis remains a leading cause of meningitis, sepsis, and other serious infections in both industrialized nations and the developing world [1]. The meningitis belt in sub-Saharan Africa continues to suffer from devastating epidemics of infection due to s...

OBJECTIVE To identify evidence of the impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine on the epidemiology of invasive Hib disease. SOURCES OF DATA This review was based on a search of MEDLINE, LILACS, technical reports, national and international guidelines (publications from 1991 to 2005). The keywords Haemophilus influenzae type b, immunization, impact, and effectiveness, al...

In Portugal, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been administered to children outside of the national immunization plan since 2001. We determined the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility of 1265 isolates responsible for adult invasive pneumococcal infections (IPD) between 2009 and 2011 and compared the results with previously published data from 1999 to 2008. Serotypes 3 (12.6%), 7F (10....

The safety and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine was investigated in 103 infants immunised at 3, 5, and 9 months of age; the infants also received diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus and polio vaccines. Side effects were compared with 99 matched infants receiving diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus and polio vaccines only. No serious side effects were observed an...

Much interest has surrounded the use of conjugate vaccines in recent years, with the development of vaccines against disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. These vaccines offer the potential for safe and effective disease control, but some questions remain, particularly regarding the duration and mechanisms of protection and the lo...