BACKGROUND Increased risk of various congenital anomalies has been reported to be associated with trihalomethane (THM) exposure in the water supply. OBJECTIVES We conducted a registry-based study to determine the relationship between THM concentrations and the risk of congenital anomalies in England and Wales. METHODS We obtained congenital anomaly data from the National Congenital Anomalie...

Congenital anomalies are a major cause of fetal and neonatal death and of childhood morbidity. Chromosomal and other genetic abnormalities, environmental teratogens and some nutritional deficiencies account for some congenital anomalies but the majority are of unknown etiology. The hypothesis is here proposed that a significant proportion of congenital anomalies and cerebral palsy of unknown et...

Congenital longitudinal deficiency of the fibula (CLDF) is the most common congenital defect involving the long bones. There have been many different classifications developed for fibula deficiency. Achterman and Kalamchi's classification is most commonly used and will be described. Our case was complied with type II. Other anomalies includes cardiac anomalies, thrombocytopenia absent-radius (T...

INTRODUCTION ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Gross Anatomy/Histology Innervation and Blood Supply Lymphatic Drainage Surrounding Anatomic Structures RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE TRACHEA Plain Radiographs CT Scanning MR Imaging Virtual Bronchoscopy PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS Congenital Abnormalities Tracheomalacia Congenital Stenosis (Subglottic/Tracheal) Tracheal Bronchus Tracheal Diverticula (Tracheocele)...

This study aimed to understand the experience of caring for a child with a congenital anomaly from the family's perspective. Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory were the theoretical and methodological references, respectively. Data collection was carried out with eight families with children having congenital anomalies through semi-structured interviews and participating observation. Da...

Congenital variants of Pancreas such as Pancreas divisum,annular pancreas,and partial agenisis are seen in 10% of general population.Most of these variants are of no clinical significance and are found incidentally at endoscopy,surgery or autopsy. Magnetic resonanceCholangio Pancreaticography(MRCP) constitutes a valuable tool in the evaluation of Pancreatico Biliary Anomalies. When there is acu...

Congenital anomalies of the hand form an important class of congenital malformations. They have a huge functional importance because of the part played by the hand in the daily activities of a person. The deformities also have significant cosmetic significance and may also be associated with other anomalies. Amongst the congenital anomalies, central deficiency or cleft hand is relatively rare. ...

background this study evaluates the frequency of diabetes complication in infants of diabetic mothers (idms), and investigates its relationship with patients’ follow-up care and maternal glucose control. material and methods diabetic mothers who delivered in ahvaz imam khomeini hospital in 2011 were given questionnaires to gather data on gender of infants, gestational age, type of diabetes (ove...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The aims were (1) to assess whether termination of pregnancy after prenatal screening by ultrasound affected the prevalence of congenital anomalies at birth, and (2) to examine the trend of this pattern over time. DESIGN This study deals with congenital anomalies, possibly detectable prenatally or at birth, which were classified as isolated and multiple anomalies; chromosomal ...

Several studies on pregnancy-associated cancers have suggested an association with congenital anomalies in offspring. Previous studies have included maternal cancers diagnosed up to 2 years after pregnancy; however, long latency periods of some cancers mean that cancers diagnosed many years postpartum might have been present during pregnancy in a preclinical state. This paper considers the asso...