In vertebrates, the absorption of a photon results in an 11-cis to all-trans isomerization of the retinylidene chromophore of cone and rod visual pigments. To sustain vision, metabolic pathways (visual cycles) have evolved that recycle all-trans-retinal back to 11-cis-retinal. The canonical visual cycle takes place in photoreceptor cells and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Bioche...

We investigate the radiative B c → ρ + γ and B c → K * + γ decays in the standard model. The transition form factors are calculated in the framework of the light cone QCD sum rules method. We estimate the branching ratios of the B c → ρ + γ and B c → K * + γ decays.

We investigate the radiative B c → ρ + γ and B c → K * + γ decays in the standard model. The transition form factors are calculated in the framework of the light cone QCD sum rules method. We estimate the branching ratios of the B c → ρ + γ and B c → K * + γ decays.

We have studied the distribution of the calcium-binding protein calbindin in the adult rabbit retina by using a commercially available antibody and immunocytochemical methods. The most heavily labeled cells are A-type horizontal cells, but B-type horizontal cells are also lightly labeled by this antibody. Among the horizontal cells, there is a mosaic of small, well-labeled somata, which we have...

Perception of hue is opponent, involving the antagonistic comparison of signals from different cone types. For blue versus yellow opponency, the antagonism is first evident at a ganglion cell with firing that increases to stimulation of short wavelength-sensitive (S) cones and decreases to stimulation of middle wavelength-sensitive (M) and long wavelength-sensitive (L) cones. This ganglion cell...

PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel LASIK flap patient interface (PI) cone with our reported digital analysis and compare for potential differences with the standard metal and glass PI in flap parameters when used with the Alcon/WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-six consecutive LASIK patients (72 eyes) subjected to a bilateral femtosecond assist...

and Applied Analysis 3 We first list the definition of cone and the compression and expansion fixed point theorem 20, 22 . Definition 2.1. Let E be a real Banach space. A nonempty, closed, convex set P ⊂ E is said to be a cone provided the following conditions are satisfied: i if x ∈ P and λ ≥ 0, then λx ∈ P , ii if x ∈ P and −x ∈ P , then x 0. Lemma 2.2 see 20, 22 . Let P be a cone in a Banach...

Horizontal cells (HCs) are involved in establishing the center-surround receptive field organization of photoreceptor and bipolar cells. In many species, HCs respond differentially to colors and may play a role in color vision. An earlier study from our laboratory suggested that four types of HCs exist in the zebrafish retina: three cone HCs (H1, H2 and H3) and one rod HC. In this study, we des...

In this paper, we investigate relation between weak subdifferential and augmented normal cone. We define augmented normal cone via weak subdifferential and vice versa. The necessary conditions for the global maximum are also stated. We produce preliminary properties of augmented normal cones and discuss them via the distance function. Then we obtain the augmented normal cone for the indicator f...