We propose a priority-pricing scheme for zonal access to the electric power grid that is uniform across all buses in a zone. The Independent System Operator (ISO) charges bulk power traders a per unit ex ante transmission access fee. The zonal access fee serves as an access insurance premium that entitles a bulk power trader to either physical injection of one unit of energy or a compensation p...

Abstract The stability of slopes is greatly influenced by seasonal variations in pore water pressures (pwp) induced rainfall infiltration and evapotranspiration processes. Despite that, the prediction hydrological effects long-stem planting often simplified or neglected because it challenging to address. Its computation requires a proper definition plant root uptake spatial distribution, which ...

Let n > 0 be an integer and X be a class of groups. We say that a group G satisfies the condition (X , n) whenever in every subset with n + 1 elements of G there exist distinct elements x, y such that 〈x, y〉 is in X . Let N and A be the classes of nilpotent groups and abelian groups, respectively. Here we prove that: (1) If G is a finite semi-simple group satisfying the condition (N , n), then ...

Knowledge of spatial variation of soil properties is important in precision farming and environmental modelling. Spatial distribution of water content at field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) at different zones of a farm governs the available water for plant growth. These two soil hydraulic parameters play key roles in crop selection for different blocks of a farm, and in schedu...

Let G be a connected semisimple Lie group of real rank one. We denote by U(g)K the algebra of left invariant differential operators on G right invariant by K, and let Z(U(g)K) be its center. In this paper we give a sufficient condition for a differential operator P ∈ Z(U(g)K) to have a fundamental solution on G. We verify that this condition implies P C∞(G) = C∞(G). If G has a compact Cartan su...

Let p be a prime. In this note we make explicit some results on the canonical subgroup of an elliptic curve E over the ring of integers Rp of Cp implicit in [K-pPMF]. In particular, if ω generates Ω1E/Rp and E has a canonical subgroup CE , knowlege of the Hasse invariant of the reduction of (E,ω) modulo p is equivalent to knowledge of the pair (CE , ω|CE). 1. Group Schemes of order p. Let μ den...

AbstractLet W be a non-empty subset of a free group. The automorphism of a group G is said to be a marginal automorphism, if for all x in G,x^−1alpha(x) in W^*(G), where W^*(G) is the marginal subgroup of G.In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient condition for a purelynon-abelian p-group G, such that the set of all marginal automorphismsof G forms an elementary abelian p-group.

This paper considers a degree sum condition sufficient to imply the existence of k vertexdisjoint cycles in a graph G. For an integer t ≥ 1, let σt (G) be the smallest sum of degrees of t independent vertices of G. We prove that if G has order at least 7k+1 and σ4(G) ≥ 8k−3, with k ≥ 2, then G contains k vertex-disjoint cycles. We also show that the degree sum condition on σ4(G) is sharp and co...

We consider a supply function equilibrium (SFE) model of interaction in an electricity market. We assume a linear demand function and consider a competitive fringe and several strategic players all having capacity limits and affine marginal costs. The choice of SFE over Cournot equilibrium and the choice of affine marginal costs is reviewed in the context of the existing literature. We assume t...