8–2–1 as the third group. The significant difference between the first group and the second group, or the 5–1 topology and the other N–1 topologies, suggests that the grading performance can be significantly reduced when the input dimension is too small. This is because that the important grading criteria is hidden too deeply in the input and is obscured by the other properties [19]. These resu...

The title "Challenges for the Future" implies the challenge to summarize a very complex meeting. Of necessity, I will present a personal impression. My interest is in risk assessment, which I define as a process for summarizing science in support of decision making. Risk assessment is sometimes regarded as arcane numerology, a rigid process of computing risk numbers in which much available scie...

A cardinality version of Beigel's nonspeedup theorem. We have shown that the notion of enumeration complexity allows to characterize the query complexity, even in the fault tolerant case. Then we went on to determine for any nite function f : f0; 1g n ! S the extremal values of e(f; A) which can be obtained for some nonrecursive set A. It is open to determine the possible intermediate values. M...

based media is now found in audio/video servers (e.g., [1][18]). These systems are likely precursors of more general audio/video databases. We have presented a data model that addresses the representation of time-based media. The model includes the notions of media objects, media elements and timed streams. Three general structuring mechanisms are used: interpretation, derivation and compositio...

The presented computational model was fully implemented and tested. For validation purposes diierent visualization methods (cf. (Gapp 94)) are used to get an idea of the spatial relations' region of applicability (Figure 4 and 6). The system proceeds from a geometrical scene description and answers questions in natural language about the constellation of the objects involved in a cognitively pl...

21 Like all other papers that have addressed this problem, the mappings generated by this strategy use a heuristic. Experimental evidence has been presented to justify the use of this heuristic, however, one aspect we want to examine further is a bound on the ratio of our mapping algorithm versus the optimal. This examination is useful both for quantifying the worst-case and expected results of...

Essl et al. (1) tested whether historical socioeconomic conditions have created an invasion debt in Europe (i.e., a suite of nonnative species that have not yet been discovered but whose establishment has been determined by previous socioeconomic conditions). Essl et al. (1) tested this theory by asking whether the cumulative numbers of nonnative species presently established in 28 European cou...