Competitiveness and growth in the knowledge-based economy are directly linked both to the development of local innovation capacity and connectivity to global resources. Clusters and networks are emerging as significant tools to promote regional development, foster SME growth, reduce spatial and social inequalities, and to activate, diffuse and expand locally generated knowledge. The present wor...

1. OPEN INNOVATION Open innovation was defined by Henry Ches-broug, a professor at Harvard Business School, in 2003. He believes that in an open innovation model, companies should use internal and external strength to develop new products and to commercialize them (Chesbrough, 2005). Figure 1 shows the open innovation model. In the closed innovation model, the steps from new products developmen...

purpose of this paper is development for pattern of a measuring and analysing of innovation in research institutes in vehicle industry. this scale include 3 area: individual innovation, organizational innovation & nature and strength of innovation in current situation. samples selected in 2 research institute npd & ipco in iran khodro, by accident. according to factor loading, identified latent...

This paper examines the implications for research into the diffusion of innovations (DOI) arising from a growing body of literature in two related fields. The first area concerns the debate on the role of regional and national systems of innovation (NSI) in the innovation process. The second area deals with the argument that enterprises must move from a “closed innovation” to an “open innovatio...

This paper analyses the issue of innovation in developing countries with reference to local production systems populated by small enterprises. In these contexts innovation may result from imitation and from spillovers from foreign direct investments; however, the literature shows that these opportunities frequently find serious obstacles and are less fruitful than expected; for this reason we s...

this paper seeks to trace some of the roots and problems of the rational view of innovation. concentrating primarily upon product innovation, we point out that the eighteenth century notion of social progress in the light of reason has gradually given an enormous impetus to a rational view of product innovation in modern organizations. we summarize several decades of research into management of...

In the past year, knowledge and innovation management have acquired increasing relevance in organizations. In the last decade, open innovation strategy, and in particular, crowdsourcing innovation model has also gained increasing importance. This model is seen as a new innovation model, capable of accelerating the innovation process. Therefore, it is important to understand how organizations ca...