background: over 90% of pharmacy students’ work in pharmacies after graduation which needs both knowledge and skill, thus one of the most essential courses of their education is pharmacy clerkship. an important part of an educational program is the evaluation of the trainees. different studies show that conventional written exams are not successful in evaluating the skills of the students and c...

This paper proposes a prediction error expansionbased reversible data hiding method using no location map. Though a reversible data hiding method once distorts an image to hide data into the image, the distorted image is completely separated to the original image and the hidden data. The proposed method uses only one parameter to extract data; this method extracts data without any location map,...

background helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection usually occurs during childhood, especially in developing countries. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of h. pylori infection among children in primary schools of rasht, a northern iranian city. methods this cross-sectional study was conducted among 961 primary school students in rasht. samples were randomly selected and st...

Many mathematicians have a dismissive attitude towards paradoxes. This is unfortunate , because many paradoxes are rich in content, having connections with serious mathematical ideas as well as having pedagogical value in teaching elementary logical reasoning. An excellent example is the so-called " surprise examination paradox " (described below), which is an argument that seems at first to be...

OBJECTIVES Aristotle score methodology defines surgical performance as 'complexity score times hospital survival'. We analysed how this performance evolved over time and in correlation with case volume. METHODS Aristotle basic and comprehensive complexity scores and corresponding basic and comprehensive surgical performances were determined for primary (main) procedures carried out from 2006 ...

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The purpose of the current study is to determine relationships between pre-service teachers’ measurement and evaluation course achievement, grade point average, gender, general self-efficacy perception metacognitive skills. group comprised 180 students having taken in 2019-2020 academic year. As data collection tool, “Measurement Evaluation Self-Efficacy Perception Scale for Pre-service Teacher...