The moisture retention and compression characteristics of municipal solid waste under self-weight are likened to those of an unsaturated soil. By assuming that the solid organic fraction in waste retains a relatively immobile micropore moisture and that deformation at low confining stress occurs at the expense of a relatively large macropore system, an insight into the variation of density and ...

Representative dynamic properties of municipal solid waste (MSW) are required to perform reliable seismic analyses of MSW landfills. A comprehensive large-scale cyclic triaxial laboratory testing program was performed on MSW retrieved from a landfill in the San Francisco Bay area to evaluate the small-strain shear modulus, and strain-dependent normalized shear modulus reduction and material dam...

Organic compounds in domestic wastewater have a highly differentiated composition, which depends on the source of wastewater. Detailed fractionation of organic pollutants is indispensible to determine their transformation during treatment processes. Mathematical modeling requires the division of organic compounds in wastewater into the fractions: dissolved, suspended, biodegradable, and unbiode...

Since 1991, three Federal laws have sought to reform the Medicaid disproportionate share hospital (DSH) program, which is designed to help safety net hospitals. This article provides findings from a 40-State survey about Medicaid DSH and supplemental payment programs in 1997. Results indicate that the overall size of the DSH program did not grow from 1993 to 1997, but the composition of DSH rev...

This empirical research note documents the relationship between composition of a firm's workforce (with a special focus on age and gender) and its performance with respect to innovative activities (outlays and employment in research and development (R&D)) for a large representative sample of enterprises from manufacturing industries in Germany using unique newly available data. We find that fir...

The traditional theory of fiscal federalism prescribes a very limited tax base for subnational governments. The only "good" local taxes are said to be those (1) that are easy to administer locally, (2) that are imposed solely (or mainly) on local residents, and (3) that do not raise problems of "harmonization" or "competition" between subnational governments or between subnational and national ...