0

We examine the phenomenon of electromagnetic transparency in semiconductor superlattices having various miniband dispersion laws in the presence of multi-frequency periodic and nonperiodic electric fields. Effects of induced transparency and spontaneous generation of static fields are discussed. We pay special attention to self-induced electromagnetic transparency and its correlation to dynamic...

We show that application of self-induced transparency (SIT) solitons as a driving field in V-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) leads to ;;mixed induced transparency' (MIT) that nicely combines the best features of both SIT and EIT.

Innovations in electronic banking in Iran have led to the development in capacities such as payment instruments and transactions by cards, which are known as electronic payment equipment in the Iranian banking network. Financial supervision is required to be increasingly based on reporting and regulatory processes to efficiently and proactively monitor risk and compliance at banks and financial...

In the previous decade we have seen an increased use of the term “transparency”. Transparency is being considered an indispensable ingredient in social accountability and necessary for preserving and guaranteeing ethical and fair processes. Transparency is related to visibility of information, and without it, the organization and stakeholders will be left in blind states. The growing importance...

A transparent interface reveals some of the inner workings of a system. Transparency is important in computer systems that must engender trust, that teach, or that must rely on users to correct their mistakes. While glass-box transparency provides a view of internal components, generalized transparency encompasses exposing design criteria and assumptions that are often hidden from end users. Cr...

We study the impact of transparency in a commodity market on the decision problem of a competitive firm under price uncertainty and hedging opportunities. Market transparency is modeled by means of the informational content of publicly observable signals which are correlated with the random price. We find that the impact of more transparency on labor employment and production depends on the fir...