This article explores the influence of competitive conditions on the evolutionary fitness of different risk preferences. As a practical example, the professional competition between fund managers is considered. To explore how different settings of competition parameters, the exclusion rate and the exclusion interval, affect individual investment behavior, an evolutionary model is developed. Usi...

Saprotrophic fungal community composition, determined by the outcome of competitive mycelial interactions, is one of the many key factors affecting soil nutrient mineralisation and decomposition rates. Fungal communities are not generally predicted to be regulated by top-down factors, such as predation, but rather by bottom-up factors, including resource availability. We show that invertebrate ...

mechanisms that prevent competitive exclusion either by the increased mortality of the competitive superiors [IDH] or by the permanent rearrangement of the competitive dominance hierarchy [GCC]. Very strong disturbances and extreme environmental changes result in communities of low diversity. Low-level (infrequent,low intensity or small spatial scale) occurrences of these mechanisms cannot prev...