Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) continues to have a high mortality. Currently, there are no biomarkers that provide reliable prognostic information to guide clinical management or stratify risk among clinical trial participants. The objective of this study was to probe the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) proteome to identify proteins that differentiate survivors from non-survivor...

Previous reports suggest that age-related lysosomal disturbances contribute to Alzheimer-type accumulations of protein species, blockage of axonal/dendritic transport, and synaptic decline. Here, we tested the hypothesis that lysosomal enzymes are upregulated as a compensatory response to pathogenic protein accumulation. In the hippocampal slice model, tau deposits and amyloidogenic fragments i...

1 A challenge for OT 1.1 Compensatory lengthening as weight conservation Compensatory lengthening occurs when the featural content of a nucleus or moraic coda is deleted, or becomes reaffiliated with a nonmoraic position — typically an onset — and the vacated mora, instead of being lost, is retained with new content (Hayes 1989). Compensatory lengthening is most often triggered by the deletion ...

The ability to develop counter-regulatory mechanisms to maintain energy balance in response to environmental and physiologic insults is essential for survival, but the mechanisms underlying these compensatory regulations are poorly understood. Agouti-related peptide (AGRP) and Neuropeptide Y are potent orexigens and are coexpressed in neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Acute ab...

OBJECTIVE A major determinant of the progression from insulin resistance to the development of overt type 2 diabetes is a failure to mount an appropriate compensatory beta-cell hyperplastic response to maintain normoglycemia. We undertook the present study to directly explore the significance of the cell cycle protein cyclin D2 in the expansion of beta-cell mass in two different models of insul...

The Stipa grandis steppe is a type of steppe in the Central Asian sub-region, and it is an important resource for livestock production in China. Mowing is one of the main management methods for this steppe. Verifying the response of the Stipa grandis steppe communities to different mowing frequencies is essential for the rational utilization of pastures and the protection and recovery of natura...

Exercise increases energy expenditure however acutely this does not cause compensatory changes in appetite or food intake. This unresponsiveness contrasts the rapid counter-regulatory changes seen after food restriction. The present investigation examined whether corrective changes in appetite-regulatory parameters occur after a time delay, namely, on the day after a single bout of exercise. Ni...

Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy is a normal compensatory state that may play a pathogenic role in hypertension. Angiotensin II stimulates a hypertrophic response in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. As part of the growth response, angiotensin II rapidly activates the Na(+)-H+ exchanger, increasing Na+ influx. Because Na+, K(+)-ATPase is the major cellular mechanism for regulating i...

We hypothesize that the CNS detects a loss of balance by comparing outputs predicted by a nominal, forward internal model with actual sensory outputs. When the resulting control error signal reaches an anomalously large value, this control error anomaly (CEA) signals a loss of balance and precedes any observable compensatory response. To test this hypothesis, a multi-input, multi-output interna...